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. 2018 Nov 29;2018:1980638. doi: 10.1155/2018/1980638

Table 1.

Cerebellar syndrome due to hypomagnesemia in the literature.

Publication Age (years) Sex Neurological symptoms on admission Imaging Mg Na Ca K PTH Etiology Follow-up
[4] 78 M PDBN CCT: n
MRI: cerebrovascular chronic ischemia and slight cerebral and cerebellar atrophy
Not detectable n n N/A Probably attacks of diarrhea caused by diverticulitis PDBN disappeared after two weeks.
A temporary reoccurrence was observed on day 17

[12] 61 F Ataxia, paresthesia, cognitive impairment Brain and cord MRI: n 1.5 mEq/l N/A N/A N/A N/A TRPM6 mutation Reoccurrence after 2 months

[8] 72 M Severe dysarthria, ataxia, dysphagia, nystagmus MRI: hyperintensities within both cerebellar hemispheres similar to PRES 0.15 mmol/l N/A N/A Short bowel syndrome after surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma and diarrhea MRI and clinic were unremarkable after 2 months

[11] 68 F Seizure, PDBN MRI: a lesion within the cerebellar nodulus 7 mg/l (range: 18–24 mg/l) n Undetermined Reoccurrence after 2 months

[7] 59 M Ataxia, vertical nystagmus, seizures, PDBN MRI: hyperintensity and swelling of the cerebellar nodulus <0.08 mmol/l (normal range: 0.75–1.0 mmol/l) N/A Short bowel syndrome after ileostomy due to ulcerative colitis N/A

[16] 66 F Dysphagia, diplopia, vertical nystagmus, weakness, cognitive impairment N/A 0.21 mEq/l (range: 1.4–2.0 mEq/l) n n n N/A Short bowel syndrome after colectomy due to metastases of cervix carcinoma Symptoms improved, dysphagia resolved after 2 months

[17] 67 F PDBN, ataxia N/A 1.1–1.4 mmol/l (range: 1.5–2.5 mmol/l) N/A N/A N/A Side effect of lithium carbonate Symptoms resolved in 4 months

[5] 21 M PDBN, ataxia, dysphagia, tachycardia, seizures CCT: n <1 mg/dl N/A N/A N/A Parenteral nutrition, short bowel syndrome after ileocolectomy for Crohn's disease Complete recovery after 6 weeks

[5] 44 F Seizures, PDBS CCT: n 0.9 mg/ml (range: 1.5–3.5 mg/dl) N/A N/A Parenteral nutrition, resection of terminal ileum and cecum because of metastatic fallopian adenocarcinoma Persistence of downbeat nystagmus; death because of cancer complications after 3 months

[9] 57 M Seizure, dysarthria, ataxia MRI: hyperintense lesions in both cerebellar hemispheres and the vermis resembling PRES 0.19 mmol/l N/A N N/A Alcohol abuse Significant improvement after 6 months

[18] 65 M Ataxia, cognitive impairment, seizure MRI: hyperintensities within the cerebellar vermis 0.08 mmol/l (range: 0.7–0.9 mmol/l) N/A ↓↓↓ Pantoprazole Mild memory deficit is still observed after 6 months

M: male; F: female; PDBN: paroxysmal downbeat nystagmus; n: normal; N/A: not available; Mg: magnesium; Ca: calcium; K: potassium; PTH: parathormone hormone; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; CCT: cranial computed tomography. mEq/l: milliequivalents per liter; mmol/l: millimoles per liter; mg/dl: milligrams per deciliter; mg/ml: milligrams per milliliter. ↓: low; ↓↓↓: very low; ↑: high.