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. 2018 Dec 9;2018:8198652. doi: 10.1155/2018/8198652

Figure 4.

Figure 4

nDNA damage estimated as lesion frequency per 10 kb in TP53 and HPRT1 genes in cell lines K-562, CCRF-CEM, and A549 after 24 h treatment with R. carthamoides extracts from the roots of soil-grown plants (Rc NR extract) and transformed roots (Rc TR extract). SLR-qRT-PCR was used to quantify nDNA damage. The results represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Control: untreated cells. ∗p < 0.05 cells treatment with Rc NR extract or TR extract vs. control cells; #p < 0.05Rc NR extract vs. Rc TR extract.