Table 2.
Medians and ranges of all main outcomes for all time points of measurement differentiated for intervention and control group and related within- and between-comparisons.
| Cognitive stimulation (n=12) | Usual care (n=6) | Cognitive stimulation vs. usual care | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preintervention | Postintervention | Within-comparisons | Follow-up | Within-comparisons | Pre-usual care | Post-usual care | Within-comparisons | Between-comparisons | |||||
| Median (range) | Median (range) | p | r | Median (range) | p | r | Median (range) | Median (range) | p | r | p | r | |
| Cognition | |||||||||||||
| CERAD total scorea | 35.50 (20–61) | 43.50 (23–73) | 0.060 | 0.70 | 49.50 (15.00–69.00)2 | 0.161 | 0.40 | 40.50 (19–58) | 28.50 (20–57) | 0.345 | 0.27 | 0.067 | 0.43 |
|
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| Depression | |||||||||||||
| GDSb | 8.50 (3–14) | 6.00 (3–12)5 | 0.950 | 0.21 | 3.00 (1–11)3 | 0.072 | 0.61 | 8.50 (4–14) | 10.50 (3–14) | 0.832 | 0.33 | 0.808 | 0.22 |
| CSDDb | 3.00 (0–18) | 2.00 (0–15) | 1.000 | 0.04 | 1.00 (0–14)4 | 0.320 | 0.41 | 5.00 (4–8) | 4.00 (2–13) | 1.000 | 0.04 | 0.500 | 0.28 |
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| Neuropsychiatric symptoms | |||||||||||||
| NPI total score (items A–L)b | 10.00 (1–35)5 | 8.00 (0–51)5 | 0.439 | 0.22 | 7.50 (0–41)4 | 0.575 | 0.16 | 10.00 (1–21)1 | 13.00 (5–35) | 0.414 | 0.33 | 0.075 | 0.42 |
| Activities of daily living (ADL) | |||||||||||||
| Barthel Indexa | 14.50 (2–20) | 15.00 (4–20)5 | 0.572 | 0.16 | 13.50 (0–18)4 | 0.014 | 0.71 | 15.50 (9–20) | 15.50 (9–20) | 0.414 | 0.33 | 0.961 | 0.02 |
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| |||||||||||||
| Quality of Life | |||||||||||||
| EQ-5D-5L index valuea | 0.68 (0.09–1.00) | 0.71 (0.09–1.00)5 | 1.000 | 0.06 | 0.74 (0.05–0.83)4 | 1.000 | 0.34 | 0.71 (0.11–0.99) | 0.71 (0.16–1.00) | 0.545 | 0.65 | 1.000 | 0.08 |
| EQ-5D-5L-VASa | 55.00 (5–85) | 65.00 (45–80)5 | 0.700 | 0.43 | 55.00 (35–90)3 | 1.000 | 0.28 | 50.00 (40–80) | 55.00 (5–75) | 1.000 | 0.04 | 1.000 | 0.24 |
| EQ-5D-5L index value (proxy)a | 0.73 (0.02–1.00) | 0.73 (0.14–0.93) | 1.000 | 0.15 | 0.76 (0.09–1.00)3 | 1.000 | 0.20 | 0.72 (0.51–0.91) | 0.73 (0.54–1.00) | 1.000 | 0.17 | 1.000 | 0.12 |
| EQ-5D-5L-VAS (proxy)a | 57.50 (10–90) | 50.00 (25–80) | 1.000 | 0.19 | 60.00 (40–80)3 | 1.000 | 0.27 | 50.00 (35–60) | 52.50 (10–70) | 1.000 | 0.17 | 1.000 | 0.06 |
| QUALIDEM total scorea | 16.77 (8.53–22.25)4 | 17.24 (13.36–24.83)5 | 0.430 | 0.50 | 17.43 (7.70–23.50)3 | 0.455 | 0.49 | 17.96 (13.79–22.52)1 | 16.32 (13.45–17.78)1 | 1.000 | 0.30 | 0.995 | 0.33 |
Statistical trends are in italics. Abbreviations: CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; CSDD, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; VAS, visual analog scale. aHigher scores indicate a better performance. bLower scores indicate a better performance. 1 n=5; 2 n=8; 3 n=9; 4 n=10; 5 n=11.