Table 1.
Summary characteristics of studies included in the analysis.
| Author | Class | Agent | Study design | N | Duration | FMD (%) | PWV (m/s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (days) | Baseline | Post | Baseline | Post | |||||
| Ayaori et al. [31] | DPP-4i | Sitagliptin | RCT | 42 | 42 | 7.2 ± 5.9 | 4.4 ± 5.9 | ||
| Alogliptin | 6.9 ± 6.3 | 4.4 ± 6.2 | |||||||
| Baltzis et al. [32] | DPP-4i | Linagliptin | RCT | 19 | 84 | 6.5 ± 2.1 | 7.2 ± 2.5 | ||
| de Boer et al. [33] | DPP-4i | Linagliptin | RCT | 22 | 182 | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 8.3 ± 1.3 | ||
| Dell'Oro et al. [34] | DPP-4i | Saxagliptin | RCT | 16 | 360 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.8 | ||
| Duvnjak et al. [49] | DPP-4i | Sitagliptin/vildagliptin | Open label (NR) | 51 | 90 | 8.6 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | ||
| Gurkan et al. [35] | GLP-1 RA | Exenatide | RCT | 17 | 182 | 6.4 ± 5.7 | 8.6 ± 4.7 | ||
| Hong et al. [50] | GLP-1 RA | Exenatide | Single arm (NR) | 32 | 90 | 7.2 ± 2.2 | 5.1 ± 0.1 | ||
| Hopkins et al. [51] | GLP-1 RA | Exenatide/liraglutide | Single arm (NR) | 11 | 180 | 6.2 ± 2.3 | 5.1 ± 2.7 | ||
| Ida et al. [52] | DPP-4i | Trelagliptin | Single arm (NR) | 27 | 84 | 2.4 ± 2.7 | 2.7 ± 3.8 | 16.3 ± 2.4 | 15.6 ± 2.2∗ |
| Irace et al. [36] | GLP-1 RA | Exenatide | RCT | 10 | 112 | 1.6 ± 2.9 | 9.1 ± 3.6 | ||
| Nakamura et al. [24] | DPP-4i | Sitagliptin | RCT | 24 | 90 | 5.4 ± 2.3 | 6.2 ± 2.0 | ||
| Kim et al. [37] | DPP-4i | Vildagliptin | RCT | 17 | 84 | 9.4 ± 5.0 | 7.9 ± 4.3 | ||
| Kitao et al. [38] | DPP-4i | Vildagliptin | RCT | 48 | 84 | 5.5 ± 2.0 | 5.1 ± 2.3 | ||
| Kubota et al. [53] | DPP-4i | Sitagliptin | Single arm (NR) | 40 | 90 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 1.6 | ||
| Lambadiari et al. [39] | GLP-1 RA | Liraglutide | RCT | 30 | 180 | 8.9 ± 3.0 | 13.2 ± 6.0 | 11.8 ± 2.5 | 10.3 ± 3.3 |
| Leung et al. [40] | DPP-4i | Sitagliptin/vildagliptin | RCT | 25 | 365 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 7.3 ± 1.6 | ||
| Li et al. [41] | DPP-4i | Saxagliptin | RCT | 14 | 84 | 9.3 ± 4.7 | 14.3 ± 4.3 | ||
| Nomoto et al. [42] | DPP-4i | Sitagliptin | RCT | 48 | 182 | 5.6 ± 2.8 | 5.6 ± 2.8 | ||
| Nomoto et al. [43] | GLP-1 RA | Liraglutide | RCT | 16 | 98 | 6.0 ± 2.6 | 5.6 ± 1.6 | ||
| Shigiyama et al. [44] | SGLT-2i | Dapagliflozin | RCT | 37 | 112 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 2.1 | ||
| Shigiyama et al. [45] | DPP-4i | Linagliptin | RCT | 29 | 112 | 4.9 ± 2.7 | 6.3 ± 2.7 | ||
| Solini et al. [46] | SGLT-2i | Dapagliflozin | RCT | 16 | 2 | 2.8 ± 2.3 | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 10.1 ± 1.6 | 8.9 ± 1.6 |
| Suzuki et al. [25] | DPP-4i | Sitagliptin | RCT | 12 | 90 | 3.7 ± 2.3 | 5.4 ± 2.2 | ||
| Maruhashi et al. [23] | DPP-4i | Sitagliptin | RCT | 17 | 720 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 4.4 ± 2.3 | ||
| Widlansky et al. [47] | DPP-4i | Saxagliptin | RCT | 16 | 56 | 5.6 ± 2.3 | 5.8 ± 2.3 | ||
| Zografou et al. [48] | DPP-4i | Vildagliptin | RCT | 32 | 180 | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 8.3 ± 1.5 | ||
DPP-4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; FMD: flow-mediated dilation; GLP-1 RA: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; NR: nonrandomized; RCT: randomized clinical trial; SGLT-2i: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; PWV: pulse wave velocity. N refers to the active treatment group. The full list of references of the studies included in the table is provided in the supplementary material. ∗Measured as brachial-ankle PWV.