Table 4.

Factor structure of IAT in the prior research.

Model
Item	1a/b	2a	2b	3a	3b	3c	5	6a	6b
IAT1	1	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	5
IAT2	1	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	2
IAT3	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	6	6
IAT4	1	1	1	3	1	1	3	6	1
IAT5	1	1	1	1	1	1	4	5	1
IAT6	1	2	1	2	2	2	2	3	4
IAT7	1	2	2	2	-	-	5	4	3
IAT8	1	2	1	1	2	2	2	3	4
IAT9	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	3	1
IAT10	1	1	1	1	3	3	1	1	6
IAT11	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	4	3
IAT12	1	1	1	3	3	3	1	1	2
IAT13	1	1	1	3	1	1	4	1	1
IAT14	1	2	1	3	3	3	1	2	2
IAT15	1	1	1	3	1	1	3	1	3
IAT16	1	2	2	2	2	2	1	5	1
IAT17	1	2	2	1	2	2	1	5	5
IAT18	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	1
IAT19	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	2
IAT20	1	1	1	3	1	1	2	2	2

1a: derived from Khazaal et al. (10) (EFA andandand CFA).

1b: derived from Korkeila et al. (12). EFA.

2a: F1— dependent use; F2—excessive use. Fioravanti and Casale (42). EFA.

2b: F1—salient use; F2—loss of control. Korkeila et al. (12). EFA

3a: F1—psychological/emotional conflict; F2—time-management problems; F3—mood modification. Widyanto et al. (43). EFA

3b: F1—withdrawal andandand social problems; F2—time management andandand performance; F3—reality substitute. Chang and Law (9). EFA andandand CFA z 3c: F1—withdrawal andandand social problems; F2—time management andandand performance; F3—reality substitute Lai et al. (39). CFA

5: F1—lack of control; F2—neglect of duty; F3—problematic use; F4—social relationship disruption; F5—email privacy. Guan et al. (40). EFA

6a: F1—salience; F2—excessive use; F3—neglect work; F4—anticipation; F5—lack of control; F6—neglect social life. Widyanto and McMurran (7). EFA

6b: F1—compromised social quality of life; F2—compromised individual quality of life; F3—compensatory usage of the Internet; F4—compromised academic/working careers;

F5—compromised time control; F6—excitatory usage of the Internet. Ferraro et al. (38).