Table 1.
Medians (25th and 75th percentiles) of different leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets
| Cell type | HIV-infected, non-malaria, group 1 (n=4) | HIV-uninfected, non-malaria, group 2 (n=42) | HIV-infected CM, group 3 (n=9) | HIV-uninfected CM, group 4 (n=29) | Overall P-value | P-value, 1 vs 2 | P-value, 3 vs 4 | P-value, 1 vs 3 | P-value, 2 vs 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute count (¥1,000)/μL | Platelets | 371.5 (338–475) | 364 (218–551) | 96.5 (69.75–183.37) | 83 (36.5–215.8) | <0.0001 | 0.9069 | 0.5301 | 0.0283 | <0.0001 |
| WBCs | 8.7 (5.23–13.38) | 8.25 (7.03–10.93) | 10.20 (7.85–13.75) | 11.20 (7.90–15.30) | 0.1245 | 0.8915 | 0.7853 | 0.6042 | 0.0258 | |
| Neutrophils | 2.4 (1.65–3.15) | 2.1 (1.4–2.6) | 6.30 (5.23–12.35) | 7.40 (4.6–12.50) | <0.0001 | 0.7111 | 0.8923 | 0.0162 | <0.0001 | |
| Lymphocytes | 2.75 (2.63–5.05) | 5.25 (3.98–6.33) | 1.10 (0.85–1.73) | 2.01 (1.50–3.2) | <0.0001 | 0.0388 | 0.0638 | 0.0283 | <0.0001 | |
| Monocytes | 1.85 (0.90–1.98) | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) | 0.50 (0.33–1.08) | 0.5 (0.24–1.03) | 0.0452 | 0.0967 | 0.7687 | 0.0283 | 0.0491 | |
| Percentage of TLC | T cells | 69.23 (67.67–71.35) | 65.03 (56.59–70.35) | 51.63 (41.02–66.12) | 66.13 (53.88–69.95) | 0.1149 | 0.1334 | 0.0925 | 0.0755 | 0.9022 |
| CD4+ T cells | 22.72 (19.36–26.0) | 35.45 (31.61–40.08) | 15.15 (11.34–30.71) | 34.09 (28.17–40.17) | 0.0006 | 0.0037 | 0.0049 | 0.7105 | 0.5785 | |
| CD8+ T cells | 44.43 (37.73–47.80) | 24.53 (20.06–28.83) | 22.47 (19.60–36.12) | 22.18 (17.83–27.18) | 0.0062 | 0.0015 | 0.3539 | 0.0196 | 0.2172 | |
| B cells | 17.37 (12.76–25.32) | 29.60 (23.24–34.98) | 29.42 (26.12–43.02) | 29.52 (20.94–42.21) | 0.1069 | 0.0276 | 0.5360 | 0.8252 | 0.7388 | |
| NK cells | 7.77 (3.28–12.82) | 6.35 (3.91–9.16) | 5.12 (3.55–7.16) | 5.19 (2.54–9.02) | 0.4684 | 0.7404 | 0.8368 | 0.0196 | 0.2305 | |
| γδ T cells | 5.25 (4.21–6.50) | 3.68 (2.43–5.05) | 4.13 (3.03–6.44) | 4.66 (3.01–8.67) | 0.2456 | 0.1144 | 0.7443 | 0.4140 | 0.1027 | |
| Absolute count/μL | T cells | 2,946 (1,069–5,256) | 3,317 (2,600–4,171) | 620 (523–993) | 1,208 (937–1,964) | <0.0001 | 0.7404 | 0.0060 | 0.0336 | <0.0001 |
| CD4+ T cells | 885 (406–1,495) | 1,763 (1,387–2,312) | 289 (125–460) | 717 (498–1,112) | <0.0001 | 0.0148 | 0.0008 | 0.0336 | <0.0001 | |
| CD8+ T cells | 1,923 (611–3,532) | 1,304 (838–1,548) | 352 (188–549) | 442 (310–698) | <0.0001 | 0.4708 | 0.2572 | 0.0503 | <0.0001 | |
| B cells | 724 (373–967) | 2,983 (2,398–3,855) | 499 (253–707) | 993 (789–1,723) | <0.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0014 | 0.4140 | <0.0001 | |
| NK cells | 405 (65–792) | 311 (196–550) | 56 (38–121) | 111 (65–163) | <0.0001 | 0.800 | 0.1309 | 0.1483 | <0.0001 | |
| γδ T cells | 193 (72–479) | 198 (143–258) | 58 (33–71) | 116 (55–234) | 0.0021 | 0.8915 | 0.0464 | 0.0503 | 0.0229 | |
| Activation status (%) | CD69+ T cells | 32.25 (23.18–35.14) | 21.08 (16.25–28.04) | 36.56 (32.37–48.71) | 37.09 (28.29–51.85) | <0.0001 | 0.0899 | 0.9726 | 0.1063 | <0.0001 |
| Activation status (%), memory status (%) | CD69+ γδ T cells | 34.24 (27.21–38.67) | 23.83 (18.47–32.36) | 52.41 (45.34–73.88) | 60.13 (50.06–68.35) | <0.0001 | 0.0828 | 0.4923 | 0.0196 | <0.0001 |
| CD69+ NK cells | 26.40 (22.29–38.96) | 25.77 (19.67–34.52) | 72.65 (50.24–79.44) | 73.36 (54.62–81.80) | <0.0001 | 0.9844 | 0.7573 | 0.0028 | <0.0001 | |
| HLA-DR+ NK cells | 30.75 (24.93–36.52) | 25.67 (15.92–31.49) | 32.81 (16.93–39.99) | 22.50 (12.90–30.5) | 0.2239 | 0.2666 | 0.1223 | 1.000 | 0.3287 | |
| HLA-DR+ γδ T cells | 32.89 (27.62–35.86) | 26.85 (16.38–33.65) | 35.29 (26.27–44.16) | 16.43 (9.46–21.9) | 0.0009 | 0.2344 | 0.0020 | 0.8252 | 0.0044 | |
| Memory status (%) | Memory CD4+ T cells | 31.58 (29.02–36.31) | 26.84 (22.63–33.70) | 51.38 (40.90–77.73) | 45.10 (37.33–53.69) | <0.0001 | 0.2195 | 0.1592 | 0.0503 | <0.0001 |
| Memory CD8+ T cells | 37.90 (34.28–39.05) | 16.38 (11.96–22.27) | 37.47 (16.78–53.46) | 16.95 (12.33–27.24) | 0.0038 | 0.0022 | 0.0590 | 0.7105 | 0.5012 | |
| Memory B cells | 13.53 (10.79–15.75) | 15.39 (9.46–23.87) | 33.64 (18.77–44.82) | 21.10 (14.01–24.70) | 0.0132 | 0.5987 | 0.0688 | 0.0112 | 0.1130 | |
| Parasites/mL blood, n | N/A | N/A | 127,969 (1,986–295,385) | 66,286 (1,764–517,050) | N/A | N/A | 0.4936 | N/A | N/A |
Note: All groups presented either as percentages or absolute counts following a global statistical analysis of data from all four groups plus separate group analyses. Abbreviations: CM, cerebral malaria; NA, not applicable; TLC, total leukocytes; WBCs, white blood cells.