Fig. 2.

Preparation of biogenic volatile compound formulations. There are three main steps in the preparation of volatiles for application to crop plants: 1. Emulsification, where an emulsion of volatiles, a polymer such as alginate, gelatin, or starch, and an emulsifier is prepared; 2. Processing, where volatiles are coated with polymers by means of spray drying with heat, coacervation with dissolving compounds such as ethanol, or extrusion with cross-linking compounds such as CaCl₂; and 3. Microcapsulation, where microcapsules are separated and dried for field applications.