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. 2018 Sep 26;70(1):69–84. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ery336

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4. — Molecular formulae and structures of the five flavonols identified by NMR, and identification of PAs in black spines of line RNS9. (A) The formulae and structures of A, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside -7-O-glucose; B, kempferol 3-O-rutinoside 7-O-glucoside; C, isorhamnetin -3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside; D, kaempferol -3-O- rutinoside; and E, isorhamnetin- 3-O-rutinoside. The NMR physicochemical and spectral data are listed in Supplementary Fig. S5. (B) DMACA (p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde) staining of white and black spines (white spines of the RNS8 line). The images show single stained spines (top) and many stained spines (bottom). Scale bars are 1 mm. (C) Confirmation of proanthocyanidins in black spines as determined by tandem MS using catechin as a control. The MS ion peak signal for the catechin monomer is shown (m/z 289.0718 ± 5 ppm).