Table 2.
Identified metabolites for discriminating between nursing and weaned groups based on the untargeted metabolomics study.
| Metabolic | Similarity | RTa (min) | MEAN -Weaned | MEAN -Nursing | VIP | t-testb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipids | ||||||
| heptadecanoic acid | 828 | 20.337 | 5.57818E-11 | 0.000117 | 1.09225 | * |
| Sphingosine | 904 | 23.217 | 0.000373 | 0.004645 | 1.50233 | *** |
| phytosphingosine | 872 | 24.471 | 0.000206 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.31316 | ** |
| alpha-Tocopherol | 861 | 28.163 | 8.80993E-05 | 0.000391779 | 1.50347 | *** |
| Cholesterol | 899 | 28.352 | 0.002760734 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.31090 | ** |
| Cholestan-3beta-ol | 778 | 28.426 | 0.000120339 | 0.001103108 | 1.53157 | *** |
| Coprostan-3-one | 767 | 28.529 | 5.57818E-11 | 8.6931E-05 | 1.54168 | *** |
| Stigmasterol | 722 | 29.197 | 0.000277268 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.31269 | ** |
| L-Allothreonine | 929 | 12.201 | 0.000465693 | 0.008418029 | 1.53677 | *** |
| 2-Methylglutaric Acid | 866 | 12.596 | 5.57818E-11 | 0.000126571 | 1.54227 | *** |
| Capric Acid | 742 | 13.163 | 5.57818E-11 | 1.7529E-05 | 1.54125 | *** |
| lauric acid | 708 | 15.517 | 0.001545153 | 0.002149401 | 1.11408 | ** |
| Myristic acid | 850 | 17.694 | 0.000486967 | 0.040605731 | 1.54161 | *** |
| pentadecanoic acid | 759 | 18.671 | 0.002088078 | 0.017616468 | 1.41982 | ** |
| palmitoleic acid | 935 | 19.428 | 0.001754687 | 0.020718886 | 1.44486 | *** |
| stearic acid | 893 | 21.495 | 0.040239752 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.30941 | ** |
| Arachidic acid | 934 | 23.100 | 0.004225461 | 0.051756593 | 1.52418 | *** |
| Behenic acid | 951 | 24.606 | 0.002671156 | 0.033936219 | 1.51484 | *** |
| Lignoceric acid | 937 | 26.038 | 0.001859809 | 0.062046719 | 1.53010 | *** |
| Cerotinic acid | 902 | 27.387 | 0.000111121 | 0.001223183 | 1.50911 | *** |
| Carbohydrates | ||||||
| Lyxose | 828 | 15.414 | 0.001186306 | 9.8097E-05 | 1.51917 | *** |
| xylose | 953 | 15.589 | 0.031706877 | 0.002424436 | 1.51325 | *** |
| 6-deoxy-D-glucose | 807 | 16.220 | 0.000764127 | 0.000445482 | 1.34719 | ** |
| fructose | 900 | 17.856 | 0.000335583 | 0.000993779 | 1.49148 | *** |
| Sedoheptulose | 628 | 18.461 | 0.000268555 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.09879 | * |
| D-galacturonic acid | 864 | 18.579 | 0.000413546 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.31565 | ** |
| lactose | 708 | 25.021 | 0.00031404 | 1.14153E-05 | 1.01325 | *** |
| trehalose | 839 | 25.328 | 0.00033928 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.54237 | *** |
| maltose | 775 | 25.296 | 0.000274583 | 0.000162243 | 1.03989 | * |
| Organic acids | ||||||
| Pyruvic acid | 921 | 7.430 | 6.32753E-05 | 0.000116271 | 1.25376 | ** |
| glycolic acid | 930 | 7.829 | 0.007297916 | 0.000592752 | 1.45508 | ** |
| 3-Hydroxypropionic acid | 843 | 8.826 | 0.00325326 | 8.7607E-05 | 1.39673 | ** |
| glutaric acid | 708 | 12.458 | 0.001529942 | 0.000342019 | 1.28988 | ** |
| oxoproline | 950 | 13.968 | 0.04241735 | 0.082504831 | 1.38890 | *** |
| Amino acids | ||||||
| valine | 810 | 8.041 | 0.001631261 | 0.000197131 | 1.46254 | ** |
| Maleimide | 927 | 8.098 | 0.00013127 | 9.90848E-05 | 1.04632 | ** |
| sarcosine | 733 | 8.732 | 5.97859E-05 | 0.000118821 | 1.08313 | * |
| serine | 907 | 10.480 | 5.57818E-11 | 0.000131568 | 1.54214 | *** |
| Isoleucine | 841 | 10.923 | 0.000249148 | 8.0456E-06 | 1.35077 | ** |
| proline | 960 | 11.050 | 0.002575346 | 0.012998171 | 1.50201 | *** |
| glycine | 957 | 11.163 | 0.002625406 | 0.016532029 | 1.47505 | *** |
| beta-Alanine | 945 | 12.773 | 0.001489759 | 9.94769E-05 | 1.43201 | ** |
| aspartic acid | 956 | 13.927 | 0.00684775 | 0.015713239 | 1.25782 | *** |
| 4-aminobutyric acid | 844 | 14.067 | 0.007020642 | 0.000608468 | 1.51846 | *** |
| D-alanyl-D-alanine | 755 | 14.881 | 0.000863753 | 0.000171924 | 1.33635 | ** |
| asparagine | 865 | 15.681 | 5.57818E-11 | 0.000313104 | 1.30777 | ** |
| alpha-Aminoadipic acid | 806 | 16.208 | 0.000124128 | 4.9774E-06 | 1.35393 | *** |
| glutamine | 692 | 16.834 | 5.57818E-11 | 0.00042769 | 1.30790 | ** |
| ornithine | 940 | 17.323 | 0.001909938 | 0.00740552 | 1.48481 | *** |
| citrulline | 806 | 17.389 | 0.000271639 | 0.000529457 | 1.19390 | * |
| histidine | 833 | 18.369 | 5.57818E-11 | 0.00052798 | 1.09632 | * |
| tyrosine | 933 | 18.574 | 0.004176509 | 0.014777744 | 1.50781 | *** |
| Benzene | ||||||
| m-Cresol | 681 | 8.987 | 2.3733E-05 | 0.000171394 | 1.44746 | *** |
| Catechol | 627 | 11.302 | 5.97445E-06 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.31768 | ** |
| phenylethylamine | 627 | 11.302 | 5.97445E-06 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.31768 | ** |
| Phenyllactate | 787 | 14.703 | 0.002295753 | 3.14665E-05 | 1.24267 | ** |
| gentisic acid | 611 | 16.852 | 3.101E-05 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.54228 | *** |
| tyramine | 846 | 18.329 | 0.014177717 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.30991 | ** |
| noradrenaline | 705 | 20.732 | 8.42385E-05 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.54199 | ** |
| Amines | ||||||
| Ethanolamine | 882 | 10.600 | 0.001545522 | 0.00042396 | 1.35263 | * |
| 1,3-diaminopropane | 928 | 15.449 | 0.001651697 | 0.000436322 | 1.25857 | ** |
| putrescine | 920 | 16.513 | 0.163908181 | 0.02821584 | 1.50530 | ** |
| spermine | 799 | 25.154 | 4.66359E-05 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.31451 | ** |
| Organoheterocyclic compounds | ||||||
| 2-Furoic Acid | 604 | 8.695 | 2.60681E-05 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.54240 | ** |
| 5-aminovaleric acid lactam | 843 | 8.834 | 0.00394493 | 0.000152673 | 1.51907 | ** |
| nicotinic acid | 976 | 11.021 | 0.000714674 | 0.001438858 | 1.34719 | *** |
| Orotic acid | 635 | 16.509 | 5.57818E-11 | 7.6404E-05 | 1.08298 | * |
| Others | ||||||
| N-Methyl-DL-alanine | 906 | 9.238 | 0.009567796 | 0.000546294 | 1.13615 | ** |
| Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine | 622 | 13.296 | 5.57818E-11 | 3.53733E-05 | 1.28973 | ** |
| Digitoxose | 727 | 15.012 | 5.57818E-11 | 5.96126E-05 | 1.09183 | ** |
| Cyclohexane-1,2-dione | 793 | 15.685 | 2.64145E-05 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.11298 | * |
| fucose | 958 | 16.319 | 0.005013265 | 0.010654332 | 1.46744 | *** |
| Methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 650 | 17.678 | 0.000220863 | 0.001169638 | 1.46330 | *** |
| fructose | 840 | 17.954 | 0.000134698 | 0.000284574 | 1.51000 | *** |
| Methyl Palmitoleate | 740 | 18.258 | 4.88292E-05 | 0.000690577 | 1.16641 | *** |
| 8-Aminocaprylic acid | 734 | 18.511 | 0.002636825 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.54253 | *** |
| Gly-Pro | 867 | 18.984 | 8.3268E-05 | 0.000492377 | 1.51841 | *** |
| xanthine | 913 | 19.307 | 0.000738454 | 4.89435E-11 | 1.54224 | ** |
| N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine | 920 | 19.958 | 0.000980973 | 0.001963837 | 1.39968 | *** |
| 5-Methoxytryptamine | 649 | 23.263 | 0.000471539 | 0.000281012 | 1.07002 | ** |
| DL-dihydrosphingosine | 909 | 23.535 | 0.000341501 | 0.00271986 | 1.46487 | *** |
| adenosine | 640 | 24.531 | 3.20881E-05 | 6.79893E-05 | 1.32913 | *** |
| Monoolein | 662 | 25.420 | 2.73317E-05 | 7.12348E-06 | 1.48583 | *** |
aRentention time.
bStudent t-test of the relative levels of compounds detected in weaned and nursing piglets(n = 6). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, respectively.