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. 2018 Dec 24;8:18076. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36197-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Real time measurement of glycolytic activity from live RBC and iRBC by ¹³C NMR. (a) Schematic representation of stoichiometric conversion of U¹³C-glucose to U¹³C-lactate. U¹³C-glucose utilization (b) and U¹³C-lactate production (c) by RBCs (grey filled circles) and iRBCs (open circles), respectively, were measured. In case of glucose absolute quantification in mM concentration was determined using glucose standard (Supplementary Fig. S1d), while for lactate, the raw integral value for the carbon 3 (C3) peak was plotted for each time point. The rate at which glucose is metabolized by RBCs and iRBCs is derived from the slope of the linear portion of the respective fits. Data shown in b and c were obtained from the same experiment.