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. 2018 Dec 18;9:2928. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02928

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Copyright © 2018 Ndlovu, Nono, Abdel Aziz, Nieuwenhuizen and Brombacher.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Abrogated cellular immunity in mice lacking IL-4 producing B cells after synchronous S. mansoni eggs challenged. Single cell suspensions were prepared from mediastinal lymph nodes (MST) and cells were stained for flow cytometry. (A,B) Intracellular cytokine detection after stimulating total MST cells with 50 ng/ml PMA and 250 ng/ml ionomycin in vitro. (C) Total number of follicular B cells (FO, CD19⁺CD23^hiCD21^hi) cells recruited to the mediastinal lymph node (MST). (D,E) Total number of CD4⁺ T cells producing IL-4 and IL-10 in the MST. (F) Total number of CXCR5⁺ T follicular helper (T_FH) cells in the lung draining lymph nodes. Data are representative of two independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. IL-4Rα^−/lox mice. n = 6 mice per group.