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. 2018 Dec 18;6:403. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00403

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Copyright © 2018 Eyns, Piérard, De Wachter, Eeckhout, Vaes and Malfroot.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Prevalence of pathogens for each sampling method. (A) Expectorating patients (EPs), (B) Non-expectorating patients (NEPs), (C) BAL-group. (Pa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sa, Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant Sa n = 1 in expectorating patients and BAL-group and n = 0 in non-expectorating patients); Hi, Haemophilus influenzae; Other Gram–, other gram negative organisms (see Table 3). *Only 22 patients in BAL-group provided induced samples).