Figure 2.
N1 and R848 synergistically induce phenotypic maturation of human MoDCs. Human MoDCs were incubated at 5 × 105 cells/ml in the absence (sham) or presence of various concentrations of N1 and/or R848 for 48 h before they were analyzed for surface marker expression and cytokine production. (A,C) The expression of indicated surface molecules is shown as overlay histograms (gray area = sham-treated) of one donor, with the average relative fluorescence intensity (geometric mean ± SD) of three independent donors inscribed. (B,D) Cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were quantitated by cytokine array (mean ± SD; n = 3). ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001 according to one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test.