Table 1.

Study population characteristics according to fecal microbiota implantation route

	Overall		Upper GI1		Lower GI		Capsules		P value
	n (valid)	% (IQR)	n	% (IQR)	n	% (IQR)	n	% (IQR)
Patients	111	100	24	222	50	45	37	33
Male gender	47 (111)	42	16	673	19	38	12	32
Age, median (IQR)	70 (111)	(53-82)	68	(51-86)	78	(61-83)	68	(45-75)	0.114
Charlson comorbidity score, median	6 (81)	3-7	5.5	(3-7.25)	6	(1.75-7.5)	5	(2-7)	0.734
CDI risk factors
Prior hospitalization	80 (111)	72	18	753	26	52	36	97	< 0.01
Prior antibiotics use	66 (108)	59	15	633	15	30	36	97	0.012
PPI usage	37 (110)	33	8	333	14	28	15	41	0.470
Chemotherapy	19 (111)	17	4	173	3	6	12	32	0.005
IBD	20 (111)	18	5	213	7	14	8	22	0.606
Previous CDI episode, median	2 (107)	(2-3)	2	(1-3)	2	(1-3)	3	(2-4)	0.275
Prior therapy
Metronidazole	89 (110)	80	17	713	41	82	31	84	0.365
Vancomycin	109 (110)	98	24	1003	48	96	37	100	0.534
Combination	31 (110)	28	10	423	15	30	6	16	0.099
Severe CDI	20 (111)	18	8	33.33	10	20	2	5.40	0.019
Indication
Refractory	29 (111)	26	6	253	19	38	4	11	0.017
Recurrent	82 (111)	74	18	753	31	62	33	89
Outpatient	78 (111)	70	12	503	36	72	30	81	0.032

¹Upper GI: Gastroscopy, nasogastric tube or through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy;

²Percentages refer to the total number of subjects in the cohort;

³Percentages refer to the number of subjects in the specific group. CDI: Clostridium difficile infection; IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; GI: Gastrointestinal; FMT: Fecal microbiota implantation; IQR: Interquartile range; Prior hospitalization: Hospitalization in the 3 mo prior to the FMT; Prior antibiotics: Antibiotics use in the 3 mo prior to the FMT.