Table 3.
Blood levels of glutamate and glutamine in chronic schizophrenia (USA cohort) using smoking status as covariate.
| 95% C.I. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acids | Group | Mean | Lower bound | Upper bound | Statistics |
| Glutamate, μmol/L | Healthy controls | 180.3 | 101.1 | 259.5 | F = 3.5, p = 0.066 |
| Chronic schizophrenia | 254.6 | 221.4 | 287.8 | ||
| Glutamine, μmol/L | Healthy controls | 472.8 | 377.1 | 568.6 | F = 19.8, p = 0.0001 |
| Chronic schizophrenia | 259.1 | 219.0 | 299.3 | ||
| Glutamine/ glutamate ratio | Healthy controls | 4.13 | 3.25 | 5.02 | F = 32.0, p = 0.0001 |
| Chronic schizophrenia | 1.62 | 1.25 | 1.99 | ||
C.I., confidence interval.