Table 5.

Blood levels of glutamate and glutamine in chronic schizophrenia (Brazil cohort) using smoking status as covariate.

			95% C.I.
Amino acids	Diagnostic	Mean	Lower bound	Upper bound	Statistics
Glutamate, μmol/L	Healthy Control	264.5	191.8	337.2	F = 16.3, p = 0.0001
	Chronic schizophrenia	470.0	399.2	540.8
Glutamine, μmol/L	Healthy Control	443.0	404.5	481.4	F = 55.6, p = 0.0001
	Chronic schizophrenia	242.3	204.8	279.8
Glutamine/ glutamate ratio	Healthy Control	2.21	1.89	2.54	F = 27.0, p = 0.0001
	Chronic schizophrenia	1.02	0.71	1.34

C.I., confidence interval.