Table 2.
The Effect of L. casei supplementation on biochemical parameters
| Variable | Placebo group (n = 20) | Intervention group (n = 20) | MD (95%CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FBS (mg/dl) | ||||
| Before | 149.40 (36.86) | 164.20 (46.91) | 14.79 (-12.21 to 41.80) | 0.274* |
| After | 150.59 (36.72) | 135.84 (43.01) | -28.32 (-50.23 to -6.41) | 0.013** |
| MD (95% CI), p value | 1.18 (-5.46 to 7.83), 0.71 | -28.35 (-45.39 to -11.31), 0.002 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | ||||
| Before | 6.83 (0.95) | 7.30 (0.65) | 0.46 (-0.05 to 0.98) | 0.081* |
| After | 7.13 (0.99) | 6.84 (0.99) | -0.45 (-0.96 to 0.05) | 0.077** |
| MD (95% CI), p value | 0.08 (-0.10 to 0.26), 0.379 | -0.24 (-0.60 to 0.12), 0.190 | ||
| Insulin (mU/mL) | ||||
| Before | 17.89 (6.77) | 17.22 (7.21) | -0.67 (-5.15 to 3.81) | 0.764* |
| After | 18.31 (7.48) | 14.89 (6.01) | -3.12 (-5.90 to -0.35) | 0.028** |
| MD (95% CI), p value | 0.41 (-0.28 to 1.11), 0.229 | -2.33 (-4.48 to -0.18), 0.035 | ||
| HOMA.IR | ||||
| Before | 117.03 (46.84) | 123.14 (44.82) | 6.11 (-23.23 to 35.46) | 0.676* |
| After | 121.59 (54.67) | 93.42 (45.34) | -32.31 (-55.09 to -9.54) | 0.007** |
| MD (95% CI), p value | 4.56 (-2.29 to 11.43), 0.180 | -29.72 (-45.62 to -13.82), 0.001 | ||
| SIRT1 (ng/mL) | ||||
| Before | 5.87 (2.17) | 6.04 (1.51) | 0.16 (-1.03 to 1.36) | 0.262* |
| After | 5.83 (2.75) | 6.96 (2.12) | 0.52 (0.026 to 1.02) | 0.040** |
| MD (95% CI), p value | -0.04 (-0.51 to 0.43), 0.862 | 0.52 (0.17 to 0.87), 0.006 | ||
| Fetuin-A (µg/ml) | ||||
| Before | 139.95 (45.36) | 119.53 (46.95) | -20.41 (-49.97 to 9.14) | 0.170* |
| After | 145.00 (45.86) | 107.63 (41.79) | -17.56 (-32.54 to -2.58) | 0.023** |
| MD (95% CI) p value | 5.05 (-2.59 to 12.69), 0.183 | -11.90 (-20.29 to -3.51), 0.008 |
MD, mean difference; CI, confidence interval; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; SIRT1, Sirtuin1. Data are expressed as mean (SD).
*
For baseline between group comparisons, p values are based on independent t-test;
**
After intervention between group comparisons, p values and CI are based on analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline measures, BMI, energy intake, and drug intake. For within group comparisons, p values and confidence intervals are based on paired t-test.