Table 1.
Participant characteristics of mobile phone use.
| Descriptive, health, and health-related variables | Total (N=300) | Currently own or have access to a mobile phone (N=217) | Owned or have access to a mobile phone (N=60) | Never owned or had access to a mobile phone in the past (N=23) | |
| Age in years, median (interquartile range) | 57.5 (54.0-61.0) | 57.0 (54.0-61.0) | 58.0 (54.0-61.0) | 58.0 (55.0-65.0) | |
| Male, n (%) | 224 (74.7) | 161 (74.2) | 44 (73) | 19 (83) | |
| Black, n (%) | 243 (81.0) | 183 (84.3) | 45 (75) | 15 (65) | |
| Completed less than high school degreea, n (%) | 74 (24.5) | 57 (26.2) | 10 (177) | 7 (30) | |
| Total income in past 30 days, n (%) | |||||
|
|
US $0-150 | 62 (20.6) | 41 (18.8) | 13 (22) | 8 (35) |
|
|
US $151-700 | 76 (25.3) | 55 (25.3) | 19 (32) | 2 (9) |
|
|
US $701-1150 | 128 (42.7) | 92 (42.3) | 24 (40) | 12 (52) |
|
|
More than US $1150 | 34 (11.3) | 29 (13.3) | 4 (7) | 1 (4) |
| Homeless at follow-up interviewb | 223 (74.3) | 149 (68.7) | 55 (92) | 19 (83) | |
| Social support, n (%) | 224 (74.9) | 169 (77.9) | 40 (67) | 15 (68) | |
| Number of confidantsc | |||||
|
|
None | 76 (25.3) | 49 (22.5) | 20 (33) | 7 (32) |
|
|
1 | 78 (26.0) | 55 (25.3) | 17 (28) | 6 (27) |
|
|
2 | 46 (15.3) | 33 (15.2) | 9 (15) | 4 (18) |
|
|
3 or more | 99 (33.0) | 80 (36.8) | 14 (23) | 5 (23) |
| Fair or poor health, n (%) | 166 (56.1) | 113 (52.8) | 39 (66) | 14 (61) | |
| Number of chronic conditions, n (%) | |||||
|
|
None | 76 (25.3) | 58 (26.7) | 13 (22) | 5 (22) |
|
|
1 | 103 (34.3) | 76 (35.0) | 18 (30) | 9 (39) |
|
|
2 | 88 (29.3) | 61 (28.1) | 19 (32) | 8 (35) |
|
|
3 or more | 33 (11.0) | 22 (10.1) | 10 (17) | 1 (4) |
| Activities of daily living impairment, n (%) | 128 (42.7) | 85 (39.1) | 31 (52) | 12 (52) | |
| Cognitive impairment (3MS, baseline)d, n (%) | 73 (24.3) | 46 (21.1) | 17 (28) | 10 (44) | |
| Executive function impairment (Trails B)e, n (%) | 100 (33.6) | 65 (29.9) | 27 (45) | 8 (35) | |
| Moderate-to-severe depressive symptomsf, n (%) | 94 (31.3) | 63 (29.0) | 22 (37) | 9 (43) | |
| Heavy drinkingg, n (%) | 31 (10.3) | 16 (7.3) | 11 (4) | 3 (13) | |
| Moderate-to-high risk amphetamines useh, n (%) | 19 (6.3) | 8 (3.6) | 9 (15) | 2 (9) | |
| Moderate-to-high risk cocaine usei, n (%) | 87 (29.0) | 59 (27.1) | 20 (33) | 8 (35) | |
| Moderate-to-high risk opioids usej, n (%) | 19 (6.3) | 12 (5.5) | 5 (8) | 2 (9) | |
aCompletion of high school degree included General Education Development (GED).
bHomeless as defined by the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act.
cConfidant defined as “a close friend or family member in whom you can confide or talk about yourself and your problems.”
dModified Mini-Mental State Examination; less than seventh percentile based on Z-scores used.
eTrail Making Test; more than 5-min completion time on Trails B.
fScore of ≥22 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).
gDrinking ≥6 drinks on one occasion every month.
hScore of ≥4 for any amphetamines using the World Health Organization’s Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).
iScore of ≥4 for any cocaine using the World Health Organization’s Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).
jScore of ≥4 for any opioids using the World Health Organization’s Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).