Table 2.
Pairwise comparisons of immunohistochemistry cell counts, c‐Fos, NPY, and α‐MSH activity in the Snord116 del and wild‐type mouse brain hypothalamus
| ARC treatment groups & stimulant/control | c‐Fos | c‐Fos pairwise comparison | p value | NPY + c‐Fos | NPY + c‐Fos pairwise comparisons | p value | α‐MSH + C‐Fos | α‐MSH + c‐Fos pairwise comparisons | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c‐Fos | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||
| SNO‐100CFE‐2DG | 88.2 | ±19.18 | All SNO groups | (NS) | 51.0 | ±37.51 |
All SNO groups WT‐PLAC‐2DG |
(NS) 0.005** |
28.2 | ±10.47 | (NS) |
| SNO‐100CFE‐SAL | 118.8 | ±28.41 | SNO‐PLAC‐SAL | (NS) | 77.2 | ±43.82 | All other groups | (NS) | 16.2 | ±15.99 | (NS) |
| SNO‐PLAC‐2DG | 49.6 | ±16.68 | WT‐PLAC‐2DG | <0.001** | 21.0 | ±15.93 | WT‐PLAC‐2DG | <0.001** | 16.8 | ±12.11 | (NS) |
| SNO‐PLAC‐SAL | 51 | ±15.84 | WT‐PLAC‐SAL | 0.02* | 24.0 | ±12.94 |
All SNO groups WT‐PLAC‐2DG |
(NS) <0.001** |
3.8 | ±3.11 | (NS) |
| WT‐100CFE‐2DG | 146.2 | ±43.56 | WT‐PLAC‐2DG | 0.04* | 109.2 | ±42.84 | SNO‐PLAC‐2DG | 0.04* | 20 | ±14.07 | (NS) |
| WT‐100CFE‐SAL | 138.6 | ±24.13 | SNO‐PLAC‐SAL | 0.006** | 62.6 | ±33.9 | WT‐PLAC‐2DG | 0.02* | 30.8 | ±24.24 | (NS) |
| WT‐PLAC‐2DG | 218.4 | ±55.38 | All groups | 0.04* to <0.001** | 159.8 | ±65.53 |
Sig. as above. SNO‐100CFE‐ SAL WT‐100CFE‐2DG WT‐PLAC‐SAL |
0.01* to <0.001** (NS) (NS) (NS) |
20.8 | ±11.88 | (NS) |
| WT‐PLAC‐SAL | 128.6 | ±40.12 | WT‐PLAC‐2DG | 0.005** | 98.6 | ±47.41 | (NS) | 17.6 | ± 9.15 | (NS) | |
ANOVA post hoc pairwise comparisons with estimated marginal means and SD—standard deviation. Results of immunohistochemistry cell counts for c‐Fos—Fos‐like early gene expression, NPY: neuropeptide Y, and α‐MSH: alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, in brain slices from the ARC—arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus of two mouse strains: SNO—Garvan Snord116del (n = 5) and WT—C57BL/6 wild type (n = 5) per group. Animals were ingesting either chronic treatment 100CFE—Caralluma fimbriata extract, at 100 mg/kg/d or PLAC—placebo of maltodextrin/cabbage leaf with appetite signaling reagents, 2DG—2‐deoxyglucose compared to the control of SAL—saline.