Table 4.
Complications in the included studies
| Study | Type of prosthesis | Complication (rate) | Surgical approach- or intraoperative-related | Device-related | Postoperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guyer et al. [17] | Charité | 20/90 (22.2%) | 0 | 1 Device subsidence 2 Early postoperative implant displacement |
13 Neurological deterioration 1 Symptomatic spondylolisthesis at L5 2 Facet degeneration 1 Unknown |
| Zigler and Delamarter [50] | ProDisc | 16/161 (9.9%) | 1 Technique error with inlay was inserted backward 2 Retrograde ejaculation 1 Clinical significant blood loss |
2 Polyethylene migration due to extreme trauma 1 Polyethylene inlay migration 1 Implant migration |
6 Unresolved pain 1 Nerve root compression 2 DVT |
| Van De Kelft and Verguts [43] | Maverick | 2/45 (4.4%) | 2 Vein injury | 0 | 0 |
| Sköld et al. [41] | Charité, ProDisc, Maverick | 13/80 (16.3%) | 2 Hematoma 2 Wound hernia |
1 Subsidence | 6 Suspected facet joint pain 1 Nerve entrapment 1 Meralgia paresthestica |
| Siepe et al. [39] | ProDisc | 26/181 (14.4%) | 1 Abdominal hematoma 1 Retroperitoneal hematoma 1 Retroperitoneal lymphocele 4 Retrograde ejaculation 4 Postsympathectomy syndrome 1 Plexus hypogastricus superior lesion with sexual dysfunction 1 Persisting retroperitoneal secretion 1 Primary suboptimal implant placement 1 Intraoperative posterior wall fracture and posterior fragment dislocation |
2 Subsidence 2 Inlay dislocation and subluxation of prosthesis 1 Implant dislocation following fall 2 weeks postoperatively 1 Split fracture L4 following TDR at L4–5 |
3 Adjacent level disc herniation 1 Index segment spinal stenosis 1 Postoperative neuropathy L5 1 CVA with bilateral isthmus stress fracture and subluxation of TDR 1 Bilateral isthmus stress fracture 1 DVT+PE+lysis |
| Laugesen et al. [20] | ProDisc | 19/57 (33%) | 0 | 0 | 14 Back pain and or radiculopathy 1 Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis 3 Facet arthrosis 1 Unknown |
| David [7] | Charité | 22/106 (20.8%) | 0 | 2 Early core subluxation 1 Late core failure 3 Subsidence |
5 Symptomatic facet arthrosis 1 Continued axial low back pain 1 Sciatica with drop foot 4 Partial device ossification 2 Complete ossification 2 Disc herniation 1 Spinal stenosis |
| Park et al. [29] | ProDisc | 0/35 (0%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lu et al. [23] | Charité | 11/32 (34.4%) | 2 Illac vein injury 2 Anhidrosis 2 Abdominal hernia |
3 Subsidence | 1 Pedicle fracture 1 Severe leg pain |
| Park et al. [31] | ProDisc | 5/54 (9.3%) | 0 | 0 | 2 Adjacent spondylolisthesis 1 Index level instability 2 Index level facet arthritis |