Table S2.
Impact of free Ptx and SPIONLA-HSA-Ptx on breast cancer cell lines
| Cell line | Effect | Free Ptx | SPIONLA-HSA-Ptx | SPIONLA-HSA control | Negative control | Positive control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| BT-474 | Viable cells @ 48 hours (%) | 38.5±9.3 | 57.8±10.0 | 69.5±23.3 | 83.0±8.5 | 55.0±13.5 |
| Early apoptotic cells @ 48 hours (%) | 20.3±6.5 | 15.7±7.6 | 10.6±12.3 | 6.0±1.6 | 20.7±8.1 | |
| Necrotic/late apoptotic cells @ 48 hours (%) | 14.7±7.6 | 10.0±4.6 | 8.1±6.8 | 5.4±5.9 | 10.8±6.5 | |
| Cell debris @ 48 hours (%) | 26.6±3.9 | 16.5±5.4 | 11.8±11.2 | 5.5±3.4 | 13.5±4.3 | |
| Intact MMP @ 48 hours (%) | 37.4±6.3 | 59.7±8.4 | 68.7±22.1 | 82.2±9.7 | 58.1±11.9 | |
| Disrupted MMP @ 48 hours (%) | 62.6±6.3 | 40.3±8.4 | 31.3±22.1 | 17.8±9.7 | 41.9±11.9 | |
| Diploid DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 38.3±3.6 | 38.1±2.9 | 50.8±0.9 | 56.0±4.0 | 67.2±3.1 | |
| Double-diploid DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 49.5±3.7 | 51.9±3.9 | 48.2±1.2 | 43.1±4.0 | 31.4±3.0 | |
| Degraded DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 12.2±0.3 | 10.0±1.0 | 1.0±0.5 | 0.9±0.3 | 1.4±0.1 | |
| Confluency after 7 days (%) | 20.9±8.7 | 20.3±13.2 | 101.6±4.7 | 100.0±4.1 | 76.3±8.9 | |
| 2D spheroid area after 7 days (mm2) | 1.31±0.33 | 1.23±0.28 | 3.45±0.49 | 3.30±0.45 | 2.18±0.93 | |
|
| ||||||
| MCF-7 | Viable cells @ 48 hours (%) | 46.0±5.7 | 54.9±2.1 | 73.3±5.8 | 78.2±4.9 | 63.7±6.7 |
| Early apoptotic cells @ 48 hours (%) | 9.7±3.8 | 5.9±1.7 | 0.9±0.5 | 1.8±0.9 | 7.4±1.9 | |
| Necrotic/late apoptotic cells @ 48 hours (%) | 12.7±1.1 | 10.2±1.9 | 16.7±3.1 | 11.2±3.5 | 14.9±2.8 | |
| Cell debris @ 48 hours (%) | 31.6±2.4 | 28.9±2.3 | 9.1±2.8 | 8.8±1.7 | 14.0±4.2 | |
| Intact MMP @ 48 hours (%) | 43.4±2.0 | 47.4±3.6 | 74.2±6.3 | 77.7±4.8 | 63.7±8.9 | |
| Disrupted MMP @ 48 hours (%) | 56.6±2.0 | 52.6±3.6 | 25.8±6.3 | 22.3±4.8 | 36.6±8.9 | |
| Diploid DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 25.5±4.3 | 22.3±1.6 | 61.6±1.3 | 61.5±1.2 | 65.9±1.0 | |
| Double-diploid DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 55.9±8.4 | 60.3±2.0 | 35.1±1.3 | 35.4±1.6 | 30.9±1.1 | |
| Degraded DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 18.7±5.1 | 17.4±2.2 | 3.3±0.4 | 3.1±0.6 | 3.2±0.6 | |
| Confluency after 7 days (%) | 24.0±3.5 | 22.6±7.4 | 96.7±0.7 | 96.5±0.8 | 29.6±10.5 | |
| 2D spheroid area after 7 days (mm2) | 1.19±0.12 | 1.17±0.11 | 1.35±0.15 | 1.34±0.08 | 0.80±0.10 | |
|
| ||||||
| MDA-MB-231 | Viable cells @ 48 hours (%) | 18.2±13.8 | 27.5±4.9 | 67.1±9.4 | 70.9±3.1 | 55.9±12.1 |
| Early apoptotic cells @ 48 hours (%) | 22.2±4.5 | 17.8±3.9 | 6.8±5.1 | 6.3±2.7 | 12.2±4.5 | |
| Necrotic/late apoptotic cells @ 48 hours (%) | 30.0±9.9 | 27.3±4.4 | 9.5±2.7 | 8.3±2.6 | 17.9±4.9 | |
| Cell debris @ 48 hours (%) | 29.7±5.4 | 27.4±2.7 | 16.5±2.7 | 14.4±2.1 | 14.0±3.3 | |
| Intact MMP @ 48 hours (%) | 23.6±13.8 | 31.1±9.9 | 64.0±7.8 | 68.7±2.3 | 57.7±11.6 | |
| Disrupted MMP @ 48 hours (%) | 76.4±13.8 | 68.9±9.9 | 36.0±7.8 | 31.3±2.3 | 42.3±11.6 | |
| Diploid DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 29.6±2.0 | 25.6±5.7 | 61.5±1.2 | 61.8±0.8 | 64.0±2.1 | |
| Double-diploid DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 39.4±10.9 | 44.0±15.9 | 35.6±1.1 | 34.9±0.8 | 30.9±2.5 | |
| Degraded DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 31.0±9.3 | 30.4±10.3 | 2.9±0.6 | 3.3±0.8 | 5.1±1.0 | |
| Confluency after 7 days (%) | 14.7±8.8 | 12.5±8.2 | 95.0±0.9 | 96.7±0.8 | 78.3±26.5 | |
| 2D spheroid area after 7 days (mm2) | 1.02±0.09 | 1.11±0.11 | 3.28±0.23 | 2.95±0.17 | 1.09±0.16 | |
|
| ||||||
| T-47D | Viable cells @ 48 hours (%) | 16.6±3.5 | 28.0±6.6 | 74.9±5.8 | 80.4±2.4 | 45.2±9.6 |
| Early apoptotic cells @ 48 hours (%) | 25.3±3.7 | 19.2±1.3 | 3.4±3.1 | 7.7±1.7 | 23.1±4.8 | |
| Necrotic/late apoptotic cells @ 48 hours (%) | 13.2±4.3 | 12.3±7.8 | 6.6±3.1 | 5.1±1.4 | 10.9±5.1 | |
| Cell debris @ 48 hours (%) | 44.8±2.5 | 40.5±3.0 | 9.1±2.7 | 6.8±1.2 | 20.8±4.6 | |
| Intact MMP @ 48 hours (%) | 22.0±4.4 | 27.6±5.9 | 75.0±6.5 | 80.8±2.9 | 45.9±9.5 | |
| Disrupted MMP @ 48 hours (%) | 78.0±4.4 | 72.4±5.9 | 25.0±6.5 | 19.2±2.9 | 54.1±9.5 | |
| Diploid DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 23.9±2.2 | 24.6±1.4 | 66.2±1.8 | 66.9±2.4 | 73.6±1.7 | |
| Double-diploid DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 31.1±2.2 | 29.9±1.0 | 29.8±1.9 | 29.3±2.2 | 20.0±2.4 | |
| Degraded DNA @ 48 hours (%) | 45.0±1.4 | 45.5±1.8 | 4.1±0.6 | 3.8±0.4 | 6.4±1.5 | |
| Confluency after 7 days (%) | 11.2±2.7 | 11.2±1.8 | 64.9±8.0 | 62.3±7.9 | 60.4±2.2 | |
| 2D spheroid area after 7 days (mm2) | 0.42±0.03 | 0.43±0.03 | 0.89±0.06 | 0.87±0.05 | 0.42±0.07 | |
Notes: Summary of short- (48 hours) and long-time (7 days) effects caused by 36 nM free Ptx and particle-bound Ptx on BT-474, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and T-47D cells. Data were extracted from the 2D and 3D cell culture experiments shown in the main article. For comparison, positive controls containing 2% DMSO, negative controls representing the corresponding amount of solvent instead of drug or ferrofluid, and carrier controls containing SPIONLA-HSA particles were included.
Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; Ptx, paclitaxel; SPION, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; SPIONLA-HSA, lauric acid- and human serum albumin-coated SPIONs; SPIONLA-HSA-Ptx, SPIONLA-HSA functionalized with paclitaxel; 3D, three-dimensional; 2D, two-dimensional.