Table 2.
Echocardiographic data of 46 patients admitted to ICU with traumatic brain injury.
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Time to echo after admission to ICU, hours, mean (SD) | 20.3 (10) |
| Type of echo exam | |
| Goal-oriented echo examinations,* n (%) | 31 (67) |
| Comprehensive echo examinations,** n (%) | 15 (33) |
| Quality of the echocardiograms, n (%) | |
| Good | 23 (50) |
| Fair | 23 (50) |
| Estimation of LVEF, n (%) | |
| Simpson’s method (semi-quantitative) | 32 (69.6) |
| Visual estimation (qualitative) | 14 (30.4) |
| LVEF, n (%) | |
| Hyperdynamic (EF >70%) | 4 (8.7) |
| Normal (EF 55–70%) | 36 (78.3) |
| Mildly reduced (EF 45–54%) | 4 (8.7) |
| Moderately reduced (EF 30–44%) | 2 (4.3) |
| Cardiac dysfunction, n (%) | 6 (13) |
| RV dilation, n (%) | 5 (10.8) |
| Mild dilation | 3 patients |
| Moderate dilation | 2 patients |
| Pericardial effusion (not tamponade), n (%) | 3 (6.5) |
| Valvular regurgitation, moderate to severe | |
| Aortic | 0 patients |
| Mitral | 0 patients |
| Tricuspid | 2 patients |
*
Echocardiogram acquired and interpreted by intensivist
**
Echocardiogram acquired by sonographer and interpreted by cardiologist
Abbreviations: ICU, Intensive care unit; IQR, Interquartile range; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; RV, Right ventricle.