Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics

Characteristic	Study Group; No. (%) of Patients*		p Value
	Pre-implementation (n = 70)	Post-implementation (n = 67)
Age (years) (mean ± SD)	88.1 ± 4.3	88.4 ± 5.1	0.75†
Sex, male	32 (46)	30 (45)	0.91§
RRAS (mean ± SD)	11.7 ± 1.4	11.5 ± 1.4	0.52†
No. of comorbidities (mean ± SD)	6.5 ± 2.7	6.5 ± 3.0	0.76†
Medications on admission
No. of medications on admission (mean ± SD)	8.0 ± 3.5	8.3 ± 3.9	0.61†
No. of Beers list medications on admission (mean ± SD)	0.9 ± 1.0	1.0 ± 1.0	0.56†
No. (%) of patients taking > 5 medications	53 (76)	48 (72)	0.59§
Living arrangements before admission
Home with family	26 (37)	21 (31)	0.47§
Home alone	10 (14)	17 (25)	0.10§
Care facility	17 (24)	10 (15)	0.17§
Home care	15 (21)	5 (7)	0.20§
Unknown	2 (3)	14 (21)
Medication compliance aid
Blister pack	13 (19)	33 (49)	< 0.001§
Vials	7 (10)	14 (21)	0.08§
Dosette	4 (6)	5 (7)	0.68§
Unknown	46 (66)	15 (22)
Independence with medications
Needs assistance	27 (39)	30 (45)	0.46§
Independent	19 (27)	27 (40)	0.10§
Unknown	24 (34)	10 (15)

RRAS = Readmission Risk Assessment Score, SD = standard deviation.

^*Except where indicated otherwise.

^†By independent-samples t test.

^§By χ² test.