Table 3. Effects of rosmarinic acid treatment on metabolites content.
Chemical compounds isolated and quantified trough GC-MS in Arabidopsis roots treated for 14 days with 0 or 175 μM rosmarinic acid.
| Compound | 0 μM | 175 μM | [Variation] | P value | Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ng g-1 FW | % | ||||
| ß-Alanine | 5.27 | 4.57 | ↓ 13.3 | 0.00028333 | Amino acids |
| Citrulline | 86.02 | 47.64 | // | NS | |
| GABA | 38.27 | 16.49 | ↓ 56.9 | 0.04231 | |
| Glutamic acid | 298.52 | 143.08 | ↓ 52.1 | 0.016895 | |
| Glycine | 61.29 | 26.10 | ↓ 57.4 | 0.00012255 | |
| L-Alanine | 16.38 | 10.15 | // | NS | |
| L-Asparagine | 417.16 | 299.24 | ↓ 28.3 | 0.013355 | |
| L-Aspartic acid | 194.09 | 82.10 | ↓ 57.7 | 0.013916 | |
| L-Glutamine | 585.82 | 349.21 | // | NS | |
| L-Lysine | 7.95 | 7.63 | ↓ 3.9 | 7.4508e-06 | |
| L-Ornithine | 165.18 | 139.65 | ↓ 15.5 | 0.012991 | |
| L-Proline | 55.15 | 50.61 | ↓ 8.2 | 4.7145e-07 | |
| L-Threonine | 63.95 | 35.13 | // | NS | |
| L-Valine | 3.24 | 1.55 | // | NS | |
| N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine | 74.68 | 34.02 | ↓ 54.4 | 0.045316 | |
| Norvaline | 1.04 | 2.05 | ↑ 97.9 | 1.0416e-05 | |
| Putrescine | 20.36 | 41.27 | ↑ 102.7 | 1.1758e-05 | |
| Serine | 408.81 | 166.97 | ↓ 59.2 | 0.0071781 | |
| Thymidine | 5.02 | 3.27 | // | NS | |
| N-α-acetyllysine | 7.11 | 14.63 | ↑ 105.6 | 0.00019011 | Acetylated amino acids |
| Oxoglutarate | 20.97 | 6.51 | ↓ 69.0 | 0.0014108 | Organic acids |
| Benzoic acid | 8.14 | 11.01 | // | NS | |
| Citric acid | 8.68 | 3.73 | ↓ 57.1 | 0.006881 | |
| Gluconate | 19.69 | 18.31 | ↓ 7.0 | 0.00037923 | |
| Glucuronate | 59.13 | 55.82 | ↓ 5.6 | 0.00022341 | |
| Fumaric acid | 178.20 | 61.85 | ↓ 65.3 | 0.00015616 | |
| Glyceric acid | 5.19 | 4.85 | ↓ 6.4 | 0.00023962 | |
| Glycolate | 8.29 | 2.90 | ↓ 65.0 | 0.0033541 | |
| Lactic acid | 83.75 | 32.87 | ↓ 60.7 | 0.010511 | |
| L-Malic acid | 104.01 | 35.47 | ↓ 65.9 | 1.1167E-05 | |
| Malonic acid | 1.59 | 1.23 | ↓ 22.9 | 0.0080257 | |
| Oxalic acid | 10.45 | 3.90 | // | NS | |
| Phosphoric acid | 764.40 | 101.62 | ↓ 86.7 | 1.2699E-06 | |
| Pyroglutamic acid | 415.75 | 280.45 | // | NS | |
| Pyruvic acid | 1.87 | 0.67 | ↓ 64.3 | 4.0329E-05 | |
| Sinapic acid | 65.21 | 46.36 | ↓ 28.9 | 0.0032338 | |
| Succinic acid | 19.23 | 6.82 | ↓ 64.5 | 0.00022059 | |
| Threonic acid | 14.97 | 15.80 | ↑ 5.5 | 0.0012131 | |
| D-Fructose | 236.13 | 469.18 | ↑ 98.7 | 4.3808E-05 | Sugars |
| D-Glucose | 82.74 | 167.77 | ↑ 102.8 | 0.00015005 | |
| D-Mannose | 423.44 | 400.25 | ↓ 5.5 | 0.00041125 | |
| Lactulose | 71.67 | 49.49 | ↓ 30.9 | 0.0016069 | |
| Maltose | 13.64 | 42.03 | ↑ 208.1 | 7.9987E-06 | |
| Mannobiose | 12.87 | 13.18 | ↑ 2.5 | 4.0713E-05 | |
| Sucrose | 649.64 | 365.17 | ↓ 43.8 | 0.0070796 | |
| Threose | 64.21 | 21.54 | ↓ 66.5 | 0.0080599 | |
| Turanose | 155.27 | 82.33 | // | NS | |
| Glycerol | 6.46 | 4.68 | // | NS | Sugar alcohol |
| Myoinositol | 289.62 | 118.10 | ↓ 59.2 | 0.0037223 | |
| Myristic acid | 4.49 | 2.54 | // | NS | Fatty acids |
| Octadecanoic acid | 126.08 | 68.17 | // | NS | |
| Palmitic acid | 77.88 | 52.73 | // | NS | |
| Adipic acid | 4.13 | 2.92 | // | NS | |
| Ethanolamine | 4.60 | 2.17 | // | NS | Amines |
| Hydroxylamine | 107.29 | 61.04 | // | NS | |
| Acetamide | 4.09 | 2.15 | // | NS | |
| Urea | 15.52 | 1.56 | ↓ 90 | 2.9033E-07 | |
Important features selected by t-tests with threshold ≤ 0.05. NS: Not Significant features. ↑) metabolites significantly increased in treated plants; ↓) Metabolites significantly reduced in treated plants; //) Not significant variations. N = 4.