Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| Airflow obstruction (n = 38) |
Smoking control (n = 44) |
Never smoking control (n = 56) |
ANOVA p |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63±6 | 61±5 | 61±7 | 0.35 |
| Gender [n (% men)] | 28 (74) | 27 (61) | 32 (57) | 0.25 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27±4 | 26±4 | 25±3 | 0.11 |
| Body weight (kilogram) | 79±14 | 77±15 | 74±14 | 0.23 |
| Smoking hystory (pack year) | 45±22 | 38±23 | 0±2#† | <0.0001 |
| Not smoking during study [n (%)] | 17 (45) | 24 (55) | 56 (100) #† | <0.0001 |
| GOLD spirometric classification | ||||
| Stage 1 [n (%)] | 30 (79) | - | - | - |
| Stage 2 [n (%)] | 8 (21) | - | - | - |
| 6MWD (meter) | 606±75 | 614±56 | 669±75#† | <0.0001 |
| 6MWD (% predicted) | 92±10 | 93±8 | 101±10#† | <0.0001 |
| Quadriceps force (% predicted) | 101±24 | 97±17 | 112±26† | <0.01 |
| Steps per day | 8699±3974 | 9640±3083 | 10285±3367 | 0.10 |
| Time in MVPA (min) | 98±71 | 115±64 | 114±54 | 0.41 |
Data are expressed as mean±std or number (%). BMI = body mass index, kg/m2 = kilogram per square meter, GOLD = Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease, 6MWD = six minutes walking distance, MVPA = moderate to intense activities (above 3 METS), min = minute. Missing values: Airflow obstruction group– 1 for 6MWD; Smoking control group– 2 for 6MWD, 3 for quadriceps force and 8 for physical activity; Never smoking control group –1 for 6MWD, 3 for quadriceps force and 5 for physical activity.
# = statistically different from airflow obstruction group.
† = statistically different from smoking control group.