Table 2. Major themes and subthemes from the analysis.

FGD No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Themes and subthemes
Women empowerment and changing gender roles
More right for women by law	√	√	√	√	X	√	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√
Increased labour and burden with the house work and joining the workforce for women	√	X	X	X	√	√	√	X	√	X	X	X	√	X
Women joining the workforce and financially independent	√	√	√	√	X	√	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	X
Changing of traditional gender roles	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	√	√	√	X	√	X
Men contributing to household work	X	√	X	√	√	√	√	X	√	√	√	X	√	X
Finances linked to power within the family	√	√	√	√	√	X	√	X	√	√	X	X	√	X
Men losing their power within the family system	√	√	√	X	X	√	√	X	√	√	√	X	X	√
Sending money home
Pressure to send money back home	√	√	√	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	√	X	X
Family conflict	√	√	√	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	√	X	X
Culture shock and increased intercultural conflict
Culture shock- pressure to fit in, intercultural conflicts within the home and society	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Limited social circle due to language and cultural barriers	X	√	X	√	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Loneliness and social isolation	X	√	X	√	√	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Change in lifestyle from collective to individual cultural values
Lack of family and community support especially for child rearing and teaching children about culture	X	X	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	X	X	√	X
Changing lifestyle with limited time to communicate with family and socialise	X	X	√	√	√	√	√	X	X	√	X	√	√	√
Consistent effort to connect with family and friends- watching videos/news of back home	X	X	√	√	X	X	√	√	X	√	X	√	X	X
The role of extended community in mitigating culture shock
Positive experiences of engaging with community groups	√	√	√	X	√	√	√	X	√	√	√	X	√	√
Community as the new extended family- support in the new culture, protect, and preserve culture	√	√	√	X	√	√	X	X	√	√	√	X	√	√

√ if mentioned, X not mentioned