Table 2.

Association of subsegmental brain region volumes with lifetime major depressive disorder (n = 610)

Brain region	No lifetime MDD (n = 448), mean ± SD*	Lifetime MDD (n = 162), mean ± SD*	p value†	pFDR value‡
Medial orbitofrontal cortex	8 962.94 ± 43.20	8 939.55 ± 73.61	0.79	0.79
Lateral orbitofrontal cortex	11 652.40 ± 46.37	11 718.13 ± 79.01	0.48	0.55
Rostral anterior cingulate cortex	3 347.51 ± 28.37	3 458.73 ± 48.34	0.05	0.09
Caudal anterior cingulate cortex	2 993.71 ± 25.67	3 065.27 ± 43.73	0.16	0.22
Hippocampus	7 061.54 ± 33.88	7 033.17 ± 57.73	0.68	0.72
Amygdala	2 634.05 ± 14.88	2 580.65 ± 25.34	0.07	0.12
Insula	11 954.83 ± 48.80	11 722.33 ± 83.14	0.017	0.045
Thalamus	11 806.32 ± 43.44	11 575.64 ± 74.01	0.008	0.038
Ventral diencephalon	6 794.71 ± 28.62	6 624.44 ± 48.76	0.003	0.038
Caudate nucleus	6 852.97 ± 52.58	6 669.85 ± 89.58	0.08	0.12
Putamen	9 453.97 ± 52.75	9 215.18 ± 89.87	0.024	0.06
Nucleus accumbens	997.39 ± 7.14	960.92 ± 12.17	0.011	0.038
Pallidum	2 983.73 ± 16.17	2 893.75 ± 27.55	0.005	0.038
Cuneus	4 765.02 ± 30.27	4 839.00 ± 51.58	0.22	0.27
Pericalcarine region	3 404.66 ± 28.46	3 547.02 ± 48.48	0.012	0.038
Lingual region	10 714.10 ± 67.51	10 984.78 ± 115.01	0.045	0.09

FDR = false discovery rate; MDD = major depressive disorder; SD = standard deviation.

^*Values expressed in mm³ and adjusted for age, sex and total brain volume.

^†Raw p values not adjusted for multiple comparisons.

^‡False-discovery rate–corrected.