Fig. 2.

: A schematic depicting the various known functions of neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs). NSC-EVs have so far been found to involved in multiple activities. These include mediating the viral entry into cells via a receptor-independent fashion [95], regulating specific downstream signaling pathways in target cells [30], and functioning as independent metabolic units via L-asparaginase activity [1]. Moreover, NSC-EVs have been shown to promote neuroprotection in the mouse and porcine models of stroke [82] facilitating recovery after necrotic enterocolitis [27] and acting as a microglial morphogen to modulate microglia activity during brain development [14]. Additionally, NSC-EVs have been shown to control the process of aging through specific EVs released from the hypothalamus [21].