. 2018 Dec 26;6(16):1111–1120. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i16.1111

Table 4.

Multiple regression analysis exploring independent factors affecting the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale scores for the cases of distal gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction

	Postop period		Age		Sex [female]		Approach [laparo]		Celiac branch [saved]
MOMs	β¹	P	β	P	β	P	β	P	β	P	R² ²	P
Esophageal reflux SS			0.064	0.0633							0.015	0.0224
Abdominal pain SS					0.121³	0.0004³	-0.086	0.0175			0.028³	0.0002³
Meal-related distress SS					0.122³	0.0003³			-0.087	0.0111	0.034³	< 0.0001³
Indigestion SS					0.067	0.0519			-0.096	0.0057	0.014	0.0305
Diarrhea SS			-0.155³	< 0.0001³					-0.130³	0.0002³	0.042³	< 0.0001³
Constipation SS					0.068	0.0472					0.008	> 0.10
Dumping SS			-0.141³	< 0.0001³	0.141³	< 0.0001³	-0.066	0.0837	-0.067	0.0657	0.056³	< 0.0001³
Total symptom score			-0.083	0.0258	0.105³	0.0047³	-0.071	0.0677	-0.102³	0.0061³	0.037³	< 0.0001³
Change in BW									0.099	0.0049	0.016	0.02
Ingestion amount of food			-0.086	0.0125							0.009	> 0.10
Need of additional food	-0.114³	0.0012³	0.074	0.030	0.102	0.0028³	-0.115³	0.0014³			0.034³	< 0.0001³
Quality of ingestion SS			-0.07	0.0437							0.01	> 0.10
Ability for working			0.177³	< 0.0001³	0.098	0.0046	-0.067	0.0632			0.042³	< 0.0001³
Dissatisfaction: symptom					0.128³	0.0002³					0.023³	0.0013³
Dissatisfaction: meal	-0.077	0.0296			0.086	0.0125					0.017	0.0117
Dissatisfaction: working					0.095	0.0054	-0.071	0.0499			0.015	0.0193
Dissatisfaction SS					0.119	0.0005					0.019	0.0067
PCS of SF-8			-0.065	0.0591	-0.123³	0.0003³	0.076	0.0355			0.025³	0.0005³
MCS of SF-8					-0.120³	0.0005³	0.109³	0.0026³			0.027³	0.0003³

β: standardized regression coefficient. If β is positive, then the score of the main outcome measures (MOMs) of the patient in the category in [brackets] is higher when the factor has a nominal scale, and the score of the MOMs of the patient with a larger value is higher when the factor has a numeric scale;

R²: coefficient of determination;

Significantly independent factors with a small effect size. Change in body weight, ingestion amount of food, quality of ingestion subscale, physical component summary, and mental component summary indicate higher scores (i.e., better conditions). Other outcome measures indicate higher scores (i.e., worse conditions). Interpretation of effect size: None or very small (β < 0.100, R² < 0.020); Small (β ≥ 0.100, R² ≥ 0.020); Medium (β ≥ 0.300, R² ≥ 0.130); Large (β ≥ 0.500, R² ≥ 0.260). MOMs: Main outcome measures; SS: Subscale; PCS: Physical component summary; MCS: Mental component summary; BW: Body weight; postop: Postoperative; laparo: Laparoscopic.