Table 8.
Risk factors for intraoperative blood loss ≥500 mL.
| Parameter | ≥500mL | Control | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 25 (5.34%) | 443 (94.66%) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Univariate | |||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 54 (40–63) | 50 (32–53) | 1.01 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.373 |
| Males/Females, n (%) | 15/10 (60%/40%) | 156/287 (35%/65%) | 2.75 | 1.19–6.38 | 0.018 |
| BMI, median kg/m2 (IQR) | 26.66 (23.66–28.04) | 25.98 (22.74–29.39) | 0.99 | 0.90–1.10 | 0.917 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 3 (12%) | 89 (20%) | 0.50 | 0.11–2.29 | 0.366 |
| ITP vs. other, n (%) | 7/18 (28%/72%) | 213/230 (48%/52%) | 2.39 | 1.00–5.93 | 0.044 |
| US length of spleen, median cm (IQR) | 20 (17–25) | 14 (11–17) | 1.24 | 1.14–1.34 | <0.001 |
| US length of spleen ≥19 cm, n (%) | 17 (68%) | 71 (16%) | 11.12 | 4.50–27.49 | <0.001 |
| Lowest preoperative platelets, median 103/mm3 (IQR) | 10 (7–38) | 7.5 (3–17) | 1.01 | 0.98–1.04 | 0.479 |
| Preoperative platelets, median 103/mm3 (IQR) | 51 (28–63) | 84.5 (50–120) | 0.99 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.064 |
| Need for extra method of preparing patients for LS, n (%) | 8 (32%) | 236 (53%) | 0.41 | 0.17–0.99 | 0.047 |
| Accessory spleen, n (%) | 1 (4%) | 67 (15%) | 0.23 | 0.03–1.80 | 0.161 |
| Technique, n (%) -vessels first -hilar transection |
7 (28%) 18 (72%) |
56 (13%) 387 (87%) |
0.41 | 0.14–1.20 | 0.102 |
| Intraoperative adverse events other than hemorrhage, n (%) | 12 (48%) | 13 (3%) | 30.46 | 10.57–87.76 | <0.001 |
| Year of surgery | 1.10 | 0.95–1.28 | 0.186 | ||
| Multivariate | |||||
| Male sex | 2.97 | 1.01–8.68 | 0.046 | ||
| Diagnosis other than ITP | 1.64 | 0.11–3.45 | 0.579 | ||
| US length of spleen ≥19 cm | 10.96 | 2.24–53.52 | 0.003 | ||
| Need for extra method of preparing patients for LS | 1.76 | 0.38–8.27 | 0.469 | ||
| Intraoperative adverse events other than hemorrhage | 22.27 | 6.20–80.0 | <0.001 | ||
IQR—interquartile range, OR—odds ratio, CI—confidence interval, BMI—body mass index, ITP—idiopathic trombocytopenia, US—ultrasound, LS—laparoscopic splenectomy.