Depression

The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) [27,33,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45]

Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) [32]

One item question: Whether respondents felt so sad or hopeless almost daily for two consecutive weeks that usual activities were interrupted [25]

Youth self-report checklist (8 self-reported symptoms of depression within the past 6 months): I feel guilty, I cry a lot, I deliberately try to hurt myself, I think of killing myself, I feel lonely, I am unhappy, I feel that no one loves me, and I feel worthless (YSR) [46]

A five-item question: within the past 12 months how often have you felt too tired to do things? Felt unhappy, sad, or depressed? Felt hopeless about the future? Felt nervous or tense? And worried too much about things? [47]

Modified version of the children depression inventory (CDI) [48]

Depression medication prescribed by a doctor or a nurse in the last 12 months [28]

National institute of mental health diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH-DISC, version IV): A structured diagnostic interview administered by lay interviewers to assess diagnostic criteria for mental disorders in children and adolescents, in accordance with the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) [49]

CIDI-SF: 12-month prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form [50,51]

The university of Michigan composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI): A highly structured research diagnostic instrument developed for use by trained lay interviewers to assess the most common diagnoses among children, adolescents, and young adults as described in the DSM-III-R [52,53]

A 6-item question: During the past 3-month how often you have felt too tired to do things; had trouble going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy, sad or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt nervous or tense; worried too much about things [54]

Major depressive episode diagnosis: self-reported depression diagnosed by a medical professional with the past year [26]

The short-form (36) health survey (SF-36) [55]

Mental health component of national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES), assess diagnostic criteria for mental disorders in children and adolescents, in accordance with the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, third edition (DSM-III) [31,56]

Anxiety

Social interaction anxiety scale (SIAS) [29,30,57,58]

Diagnostic interview schedule for children, version IV (DISC-IV) [26,35,59]

Primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD) [36]

Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS) [34,60]

Anxiety medication prescribed by a doctor or a nurse in the last 12 months [28]

National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview for children (NIMHD) [49]

Alcohol

Ever drinkers: Drinking at least once within a lifetime [52]

Light drinkers: Consuming less than three drinks per week [31]

Moderate drinkers: Drinking without engaging in heavy episodic or binge drinking in the past two weeks [55]

Moderate drinkers: Drinking no more than 1 to 2 drinks per occasion in the past year, and no intoxication or heavy drinking in the past year [26,44]

Moderate to heavy drinkers: Consuming more than 3 drinks per week [31]

Regular drinkers: Drink at least once a month or more frequently and consume at least three to four drinks when drinking [48]

Current drinkers: Drinking at least one time during the past 30 days [33]

Daily drinking questionnaire (DDQ): The total number of standard alcoholic drinks consumed during the past week by summing the number of drinks reported for each day [29]

Frequent/heavy drinkers: Those who over the past 6 months had a drink at least once a week or had been drunk at least once [59]

Binge drinkers: Men/women as drinking five/four or more drinks per drinking occasion at least once in the past two weeks [26,32,33,44,51,55,57]

Alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) [29,58]

Diagnostic interview schedule for children, version IV, alcohol use disorder (DISC-IV, AUD) [35]

Primary care evaluation for mental disorders, alcohol use disorder (PRIME-MD, AUD) [36]

Longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation and structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, non-patient version, alcohol use disorder (LIFE and SCID-I/NP, AUD) [60]

Cannabis

Ever cannabis users: Using cannabis at least once within a lifetime [45,52]

Any use of cannabis or hashish in the past six months [50]

Infrequent cannabis users: Using cannabis at least once per year but not more than once per month [56]

Infrequent cannabis users: Less than weekly cannabis use [30]

Frequent cannabis users: Weekly or more cannabis use [30]

Current cannabis users: Cannabis use at least one time during the past 30 days [27,32,33,40]

The substance abuse module of the composite international diagnostic interview, cannabis use disorder (CIDI-SAM, CUD) [35,36,53,56,60]

Tobacco

Ever smokers: Smoking at least once within a lifetime [34,37,38,39,52]

Current smokers: Smoking at least one time during the past 30 days [25,31,32,33,40,41,42,43,46,47]

Regular smokers: Smoking several cigarettes or more per week [48]

Regular smokers: Self-report measure: I’m a regular smoker/I’m a heavy smoker [28]

Daily smokers: Daily consumption of cigarettes or cigars for a continuous 30-day period or longer [28,34,50,51,59]