Table 2.

Immune and neuroprotective effects of selected hormones of pregnancy and lactation.

Hormone	Timing of Increased Levels	Immune Effects	Reparative Effects	References
Estriol	Pregnancy	Anti-inflammatory	Neuroprotective, aids remyelination	[36,37]
Progesterone	Pregnancy	Anti-inflammatory	Neuroprotective	[38,39]
Prolactin	Pregnancy and lactation	Pro-inflammatory (controversial)	Possible role in neurogenesis	[40,41]
Oxytocin	Lactation	Complex effects	Neuroprotection	[42,43]