Table 3.
Change in frailty domains between baseline and 1-year post-operative.
| CR Completers (n = 48) | CR Non-Completers (n = 66) | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 1-Year | Baseline | 1-Year | ||
| MFC | |||||
| Slowness (5-meter gait speed, s) | 4.6 (3.8–5.6) | 4.5 (4–5.4) | 5 (4.2–6.3) | 5.1 (4.7–5.7) | 0.46 |
| Weakness (grip strength; kg) | 36.5 (25.5–41.3) | 32 (22.5–41) | 30 (20–40) | 27 (18–37.5) | 0.72 |
| Weight loss in the past year (kg) | 1.3 (0–4.5) | 0 (0) | 4.5 (2–9.3) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
| Exhaustion (CESD) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | 0.47 |
| Depression (HADS) | 2 (1–4) | 1 (1–2) | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–5) | 0.32 |
| Cognitive impairment (MOCA) | 25 (23–27) | 25 (22–28) | 24 (21–27) | 23 (18.3–25.8) | 0.005 |
| Low physical activity (Paffenbarger, kcal/wk) | 437.5 (155–886) | 1591 (672–3150) | 96 (28.8–338.8) | 658 (215.8–2105.8) | 0.04 |
| SPPB | |||||
| 5-meter gait speed (points) | 4 (4) | 4 (4) | 4 (4) | 4 (4) | 0.69 |
| Balance (points) | 4 (4) | 4 (4) | 4 (2.3–4) | 4 (3–4) | 0.06 |
| Repeated chair stand (points) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1.8–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1.3–4) | 0.87 |
| FFI | |||||
| Physical | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.05 (0–0.17) | 0.35 (0.2–0.45) | 0.1 (0.05–0.31) | 0.009 |
| Functional | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0–0.05) | 0 (0) | 0.28 |
| Nutrition and exhaustion | 0.1 (0–0.2) | 0 (0–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.2 (0.03–0.2) | 0.18 |
| Quality of life | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.35 (0.2–0.78) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.18 |
| Mood and cognition | 0.33 (0–0.33) | 0.33 (0–0.33) | 0.33 (0–0.33) | 0.33 (0.33–0.33) | 0.62 |
Continuous variables expressed as median (interquartile range). p-values indicate the difference in change between baseline and 1-year for CR completers and non-completers. The FFI domains include the following variables: Physical: balance, gait speed, chair stand, timed up-and-go, physical activity; Functional: help eating, dressing, cleaning, bathing, toileting, shopping, cooking, driving, medicating, banking; Nutrition and Exhaustion: 2-item CESD, past 3 month food decline, weight loss in the past 3 and 12 months; Quality of life: rating of own health, falls efficacy scale; Mood and cognition: depression, anxiety, MOCA. MFC, Modified Fried Criteria; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; FFI, Functional Frailty Index; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.