Table 3.
Uni- and multivariable linear regression analyses with BCAA as dependent variable.
| Variables | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p-Value | β (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Sex, female vs. male | 69.29 (65.24, 73.33) | <0.0001 | 55.31 (48.32, 62.30) | <0.0001 |
| Age, years/10 | 0.58 (0.39, 0.76) | <0.0001 | −0.04 (−0.38, 0.31) | 0.828 |
| Caucasian, yes vs. no | 7.61 (2.36, 12.86) | 0.0004 | 5.73 (0.01, 11.44) | 0.049 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 5.17 (4.67, 5.68) | <0.0001 | 2.44 (1.76, 3.13) | <0.0001 |
| High education, yes vs. no | 0.20 (−0.87, 1.28) | 0.7107 | 0.40 (−0.67, 1.48) | 0.463 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) | <0.0001 | −0.09 (−0.31, 0.12) | 0.893 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 1.92 (1.69, 2.16) | <0.0001 | 0.15 (−0.27, 0.57) | 0.392 |
| Parental history of CKD, yes vs. no | 9.50 (−20.38, 39.38) | 0.533 | 8.44 (−24.63, 41.52) | 0.616 |
| Parental history of T2D, yes vs. no | 10.22 (3.94, 16.51) | 0.0001 | 7.91 (1.03, 14.80) | 0.024 |
| Current smoking, yes vs. no | −7.94 (−12.85, −3.03) | 0.0001 | −4.76 (−10.52, 1.01) | 0.105 |
| Alcohol consumption, yes vs. no | 11.51 (6.36, 16.66) | <0.0001 | 9.01 (3.06, 14.96) | 0.003 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, yes vs. no | 24.35 (18.55, 30.14) | <0.0001 | 3.78 (−3.19, 10.75) | 0.287 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs, yes vs. no | 24.87 (16.22, 33.52) | <0.0001 | 8.16 (−1.48, 17.80) | 0.097 |
| TC, mmol/L | 7.04 (4.92, 9.15) | <0.0001 | 4.38 (1.58, 7.19) | 0.002 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | −60.34(−67.05, −53.63) | <0.0001 | −20.54 (−30.64,−10.44) | <0.0001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 25.51 (23.23, 27.78) | <0.0001 | 3.61 (0.61, 6.62) | 0.018 |
| Serum creatinine, µmol/L | 71.16 (61.64, 80.68) | <0.0001 | 12.23 (−6.78, 31.24) | 0.207 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | −0.44 (−0.57, −0.31) | <0.0001 | −0.01 (−0.29, 0.27) | 0.956 |
| UAE, mg/24h | 0.01 (−0.00, 0.03) | 0.095 | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.01) | 0.005 |
| HOMA-IR, (mU mmol/L2)/22.5 | 28.92 (27.16, 30.67) | <0.0001 | 22.21 (17.82, 26.59) | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-β, % | 20.46 (18.67, 22.25) | <0.0001 | −0.89 (−5.01, 3.24) | 0.673 |
Unstandardized regression coefficients are shown. Abbreviations: BCAAs, branched-chain amino acids; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UAE, Urinary albumin excretion; HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment; IR, Insulin Resistance.