Table 4.

Prospective associations of BCAA with risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

	Q1	Q2	p-Value	Q3	p-Value	Q4	p-Value	BCAA Per 1 SD Increment	p-Value
Participants, n	1561	1561		1561		1561		6244
Events, n	27	44		72		158		301
		HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)
Crude Model	(ref)	1.65 (1.01, 2.66)	0.042	2.67 (1.71, 4.14)	<0.0001	6.15 (4.08, 9.24)	<0.0001	1.80 (1.64, 1.98)	<0.0001
Model 1	(ref)	1.58 (0.97, 2.56)	0.064	2.56 (1.62, 4.05)	<0.0001	6.12 (3.92, 9.55)	<0.0001	1.76 (1.59, 1.96)	<0.0001
Model 2	(ref)	1.41 (0.85, 2.32)	0.178	1.87 (1.17, 3.00)	0.009	3.49 (2.19, 5.55)	<0.0001	1.46 (1.29, 1.65)	<0.0001
Model 3	(ref)	1.41 (0.85, 2.33)	0.175	1.87 (1.17, 3.01)	0.008	3.56 (2.24, 5.65)	<0.0001	1.48 (1.31, 1.68)	<0.0001
Model 4	(ref)	1.45 (0.88, 2.41)	0.142	1.84 (1.15, 2.94)	0.010	3.14 (1.99, 4.97)	<0.0001	1.39 (1.23, 1.57)	<0.0001
Model 5a	(ref)	1.50 (0.89, 2.53)	0.124	1.91 (1.17, 3.10)	0.009	2.80 (1.72, 4.53)	<0.0001	1.28 (1.13, 1.46)	0.0001
Model 5b	(ref)	1.59 (0.94, 2.68)	0.079	2.12 (1.30, 3.44)	0.002	3.64 (2.26, 5.87)	<0.0001	1.41 (1.25, 1.60)	<0.0001
Model 5c	(ref)	1.46 (0.87, 2.46)	0.149	1.70 (1.04, 2.77)	0.033	2.32 (1.42, 3.78)	0.0007	1.19 (1.04, 1.35)	0.008

Data are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Model 1: Model adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Model 1 + family history of type 2 diabetes and BMI. Model 3: Model 2 + alcohol intake and smoking status. Model 4: Model 3 + TG. Model 5a: Model 4 + HOMA-IR. Model 5b: Model 4 + HOMA-β. Model 5c: Model 4 + HOMA-IR and HOMA-β. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TG, triglycerides; HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment; IR, Insulin Resistance.