. 2018 Nov 3;5(4):52. doi: 10.3390/jcdd5040052

Table 1.

Baseline clinical characteristics of all patients and of patients divided according to the venous pattern.

	All Patients			Pattern
	All Patients	A	B	C	D	E	p
	n: 338	n: 83	n: 92	n: 82	n: 41	n: 40
Age (years)	64 ± 13	62 ± 14	61 ± 13	66 ± 13	66 ± 14	67 ± 12	0.016
Males (%)	81	83	84	85	76	70	0.221
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (%)	42	47	43	40	49	40	0.459
History of hypertension (%)	60	65	49	66	63	57	0.133
Diabetes mellitus (%)	30	33	25	33	27	35	0.673
NYHA class	2.4 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.6	2.4 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.5 *^,†,‡	2.8 ± 0.4 *^,†,‡	<0.001
SBP (mm Hg)	122 ± 16	126 ± 15	121 ± 14	124 ± 17	120 ± 17	113 ± 17 *^,†,‡,#	<0.001
Heart rate (beats per minute)	69 ± 11	67 ± 9	67 ± 8	70 ± 13	71 ± 11	73 ± 10 ^†,‡	0.002
GFR-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m²)	72 ± 26	79 ± 23	79 ± 25	70 ± 25	63 ± 30 *^,†	57 ± 22 *^,†,‡	<0.001
Hb (g/dL)	13.6 ± 1.6	13.9 ± 1.5	14.0 ± 1.4	13.9 ± 1.6	12.6 ± 1.6 *^,†,‡	12.6 ± 1.6 *^,†,‡	<0.001
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	2311 ± 4844	827 ± 818	1171 ± 1490	2330 ± 2492 *^,†	4313 ± 3760 *^,†,‡	5884 ± 11981 *^,†,‡	<0.001
Microalbuminuria (%)	27	18	16	28	61 *^,†,‡	42 *^,†	<0.001
Ace-inhibitors/ARBs (%)	81	93	88	74 *	76 *	60 *^,†	<0.001
Beta-blockers (%)	97	99	98	98	98	88 *^,†,‡	0.013
Diuretics (%)	93	88	88	96 *^,†	100 *^,†	100 *^,†	<0.001
Furosemide dose (mg/die)	106 ± 131	68 ± 76	70 ± 72	111 ± 137	146 ± 179 *^,†	193 ± 176 *^,†,‡,#	<0.001
MRAs (%)	72	76	71	71	66	87	0.110
LVEF (%)	33 ± 9	36 ± 7	33 ± 8	32 ± 8	29 ± 11 *	31 ± 13 *^,†	<0.001
E/e’ ratio §§	14.8 ± 7.4	13.0 ± 6.0	12.1 ± 5.4	14.4 ± 6.2	14.3 ± 8.8	17.9 ± 7.4 *^,†,‡,#	0.014
TAPSE (mm)	19 ± 4	20 ± 4	19 ± 4	19 ± 5	17 ± 4 *^,†,‡	16 ± 4 *^,†,‡	<0.001
MR (a.u.)	1.8 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 0.8	1.6 ± 0.8	1.8 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.9 *^,†,‡	2.1 ± 1.1 *^,†	<0.001
TR (a.u.)	1.8 ± 0.9	1.5 ± 0.7	1.4 ± 0.7	1.5 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 1.1 *^,†,‡	2.8 ± 1.2 *^,†,‡	<0.001
CVP > 5 mm Hg (%)	26	5	2	30 *^,†	68 *^,†,‡	70 *^,†,‡	<0.001
RRI	73 ± 8	71 ± 7	70 ± 7	74 ± 8 *^,†	78 ± 8 *^,†,‡	77 ± 7 *^,†,‡	<0.001

* p < 0.05 vs. pattern A; ^† vs. pattern B; ^‡ vs. Pattern C; ^# vs. Pattern D at Newman-Keuls post-hoc analysis or Fisher test as appropriate. § Analysis for 307 patients without macroalbuminuria. §§ Available in 261 patients. Mean values ± SD or Percentage of patients. The table shoes ANOVA test for continuous variables F-Fisher tests for categorical variables. For NT-proBNP analyses were performed after logarithmic transformation. ARBs: Angiotensin II receptor blockers; a.u., arbitrary units; CVP, central venous pressure; GFR-EPI, glomerular filtration rate by EPI formula; MRA: Aldosteron receptor antagonist; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; NT-proBNP: brain natriuretic peptide. RRI, renal resistance index; TAPSE, peak of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.