Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Variables | All Cases (n = 389) | Decreased HGS (n = 93) | Non-Decreased HGS (n = 296) | p Value | Decreased SMM (n = 159) | Non-decreased SMM (n = 230) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.0 ± 12.8 | 69.7 ± 10.6 | 59.5 ± 12.5 | <0.0001 | 66.7 ± 12.2 | 58.7 ± 12.2 | <0.0001 |
| Gender, male/female | 198/191 | 36/57 | 162/134 | 0.0087 | 93/66 | 105/125 | 0.0135 |
| Etiology, HBV/HCV/HBV, and HCV/NBNC | 61/234/8/86 | 10/60/2/21 | 51/174/6/65 | 0.5130 | 21/101/5/32 | 40/133/3/54 | 0.3102 |
| Presence of LC, yes/no | 148/241 | 61/32 | 87/209 | <0.0001 | 65/94 | 83/147 | 0.3416 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.8 | 22.7 ± 3.3 | 23.3 ± 4.0 | 0.1554 | 20.9 ± 2.4 | 24.8 ± 3.8 | <0.0001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.96 ± 0.58 | 0.96 ± 0.62 | 0.96 ± 0.57 | 0.9545 | 0.86 ± 0.39 | 1.02 ± 0.68 | 0.0718 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.57 | 4.2 ± 0.45 | <0.0001 | 4.2 ± 0.48 | 4.1 ± 0.52 | 0.2688 |
| Prothrombin time (%) | 86.7 ± 16.6 | 84.1 ± 17.1 | 87.5 ± 16.3 | 0.0790 | 87.5 ± 16.9 | 86.1 ± 16.3 | 0.4112 |
| Platelet count (×104/mm3) | 16.8 ± 6.9 | 15.1 ± 6.5 | 17.3 ± 6.9 | 0.0081 | 16.7 ± 6.2 | 16.8 ± 7.3 | 0.7315 |
| White blood cell (/mm3) | 5165 ± 1614 | 5193 ± 1659 | 5156 ± 1602 | 0.8455 | 5240 ± 1466 | 5113 ± 1710 | 0.3114 |
| Lymphocyte count (/mm3) | 3112 ± 958 | 1395 ± 598 | 1627 ± 613 | 0.0015 | 1513 ± 542 | 1613 ± 661 | 0.2045 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 181.3 ± 41.3 | 170.5 ± 47.2 | 184.7 ± 38.8 | 0.0038 | 182.0 ± 43.9 | 180.8 ± 39.5 | 0.7775 |
| CONUT score | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | 0.0003 | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 0.8450 |
| AST (IU/L) | 37.7 ± 27.3 | 40.3 ± 29.2 | 36.8 ± 26.6 | 0.2886 | 36.9 ± 26.1 | 38.2 ± 28.1 | 0.6286 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 37.3 ± 37.3 | 35.0 ± 38.4 | 38.1 ± 37.0 | 0.4966 | 35.4 ± 36.3 | 38.7 ± 38.0 | 0.3828 |
| FIB-4 index | 3.3 ± 3.3 | 4.0 ± 2.8 | 3.1 ± 3.4 | 0.0142 | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 3.9 | 0.0215 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.73 ± 0.54 | 0.76 ± 0.53 | 0.72 ± 0.55 | 0.4769 | 0.81 ± 0.81 | 0.67 ± 0.18 | 0.0095 |
| HbA1c (NGSP) | 5.9 ± 0.88 | 5.9 ± 0.80 | 5.8 ± 0.90 | 0.7085 | 5.9 ± 0.84 | 5.8 ± 0.90 | 0.7085 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 140.1 ± 2.3 | 139.9 ± 2.5 | 140.2 ± 2.3 | 0.2330 | 140.3 ± 2.4 | 140.0 ± 2.3 | 0.3413 |
| HGS (kg), male | 33.6 ± 8.7 | 22.0 ± 3.9 | 36.3 ± 6.4 | <0.0001 | 29.4 ± 6.9 | 37.4 ± 7.5 | <0.0001 |
| HGS (kg), female | 20.9 ± 5.2 | 14.8 ± 3.1 | 23.3 ± 3.6 | <0.0001 | 18.2 ± 4.1 | 22.4 ± 5.1 | <0.0001 |
| SMI (kg/m2), male | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 0.97 | 7.6 ± 1.09 | 0.0039 | 6.8 ± 0.43 | 8.1 ± 1.13 | <0.0001 |
| SMI (kg/m2), female | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.74 | 6.1 ± 0.68 | <0.0001 | 5.2 ± 0.39 | 6.4 ± 0.50 | <0.0001 |
Data are expressed as average ± standard deviation. HBV; hepatitis B virus, HCV; hepatitis C virus, NBNC; non-B and non-C, LC; liver cirrhosis, CONUT score; controlling nutritional score, AST; aspartate aminotransferase, ALT; alanine aminotransferase, NGSP; National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, HGS; hand grip strength, SMM; skeletal muscle mass, SMI; skeletal muscle mass index.