Table 3.
Comparison of the SF-36 scores across 10 items.
| ALL Cases | Decreased HGS (n = 93) | Non-Decreased HGS (n = 296) | p Value |
| PF | 72.8 ± 22.6 [68.1, 77.5] | 88.3 ± 14.3 [86.7, 90.0] | <0.0001 |
| RP | 70.6 ± 33.1 [63.7, 77.4] | 87.3 ± 21.7 [84.8, 89.8] | <0.0001 |
| BP | 68.1 ± 24.0 [63.2, 73.1] | 76.5 ± 24.8 [73.7, 79.4] | 0.0043 |
| GH | 54.8 ± 22.7 [50.1, 59.5] | 56.1 ± 18.5 [53.9, 58.2] | 0.6190 |
| VT | 57.7 ± 25.1 [52.5, 62.9] | 66.6 ± 20.0 [64.3, 68.9] | 0.0011 |
| SF | 79.5 ± 25.4 [74.2, 84.8] | 89.3 ± 20.2 [86.9, 91.6] | <0.0001 |
| RE | 72.4 ± 30.3 [66.1, 78.8] | 88.3 ± 21.2 [85.9, 90.7] | <0.0001 |
| MH | 72.3 ± 24.1 [67.3, 77.3] | 74.7 ± 19.4 [72.5, 77.0] | 0.7439 |
| PCS | 37.3 ± 16.7 [33.8, 40.8] | 49.2 ± 11.7 [47.8, 50.6] | <0.0001 |
| MCS | 50.5 ± 11.0 [48.2, 52.9] | 51.2 ± 10.1 [50.5, 52.4] | 0.5941 |
| ALL Cases | Decreased SMM (n = 159) | Non-Decreased SMM (n = 230) | p Value |
| PF | 81.3 ± 18.1 [78.5, 84.2] | 86.8 ± 17.5 [84.6, 89.1] | 0.0032 |
| RP | 80.4 ± 27.2 [76.2, 84.7] | 85.3 ± 24.7 [82.1, 88.6] | 0.0660 |
| BP | 74.7 ± 25.1 [70.8, 78.7] | 74.4 ± 24.6 [71.2, 77.6] | 0.8891 |
| GH | 55.2 ± 20.4 [52.0, 58.5] | 56.1 ± 19.1 [53.6, 58.7] | 0.6656 |
| VT | 62.6 ± 23.6 [58.9, 66.3] | 65.8 ± 20.2 [63.2, 68.4] | 0.3364 |
| SF | 84.9 ± 24.7 [80.9, 88.8] | 88.3 ± 19.7 [85.7, 91.0] | 0.0031 |
| RE | 82.0 ± 26.6 [77.8, 86.1] | 86.4 ± 23.0 [83.3, 89.4] | 0.0030 |
| MH | 72.7 ± 22.4 [69.2, 76.2] | 75.2 ± 19.3 [72.7, 77.7] | 0.4683 |
| PCS | 45.3 ± 14.2 [43.0, 47.6] | 47.0 ± 13.9 [45.1, 48.8] | 0.2610 |
| MCS | 51.3 ± 10.5 [49.6, 53.0] | 50.8 ± 10.1 [49.5, 52.2] | 0.6601 |
| LC | Decreased HGS (n = 61) | Non-Decreased HGS (n = 87) | p Value |
| PF | 71.1 ± 23.1 [65.2, 77.1] | 86.2 ± 15.0 [82.9, 89.4] | 0.0002 |
| RP | 68.0 ± 34.0 [59.3, 76.7] | 83.4 ± 26.5 [77.7, 89.1] | 0.0006 |
| BP | 65.3 ± 22.8 [59.5, 71.2] | 76.1 ± 27.5 [70.2, 82.0] | 0.0002 |
| GH | 51.0 ± 19.9 [46.0, 56.1] | 52.0 ± 19.7 [47.7, 56.3] | 0.7691 |
| VT | 53.8 ± 23.7 [47.7, 59.9] | 63.2 ± 21.1 [58.7, 67.7] | 0.0132 |
| SF | 76.7 ± 26.8 [69.8, 83.6] | 87.4 ± 22.9 [82.4, 92.3] | 0.0112 |
| RE | 67.2 ± 30.9 [59.3, 75.2] | 86.7 ± 23.3 [81.7, 91.7] | <0.0001 |
| MH | 71.1 ± 22.8 [65.2, 77.0] | 74.3 ± 18.9 [70.3, 78.4] | 0.3514 |
| PCS | 34.9 ± 16.5 [30.7, 39.2] | 47.9 ± 13.7 [44.8, 50.9] | <0.0001 |
| MCS | 49.3 ± 9.7 [46.8, 51.8] | 50.3 ± 10.5 [48.0, 52.7] | 0.5382 |
| LC | Decreased SMM (n = 66) | Non-Decreased SMM (n = 82) | p Value |
| PF | 75.7 ± 20.7 [70.5, 80.8] | 83.2 ± 19.2 [79.0, 87.4] | 0.0252 |
| RP | 72.1 ± 31.6 [64.3, 80.0] | 80.9 ± 29.6 [74.4, 87.4] | 0.0867 |
| BP | 72.3 ± 26.1 [65.8, 78.8] | 71.1 ± 26.3 [65.3, 76.8] | 0.7832 |
| GH | 51.0 ± 20.0 [46.1, 56.0] | 52.1 ± 19.6 [47.7, 56.4] | 0.7589 |
| VT | 56.3 ± 24.3 [50.2, 62.4] | 61.7 ± 21.0 [57.1, 66.3] | 0.1519 |
| SF | 81.1 ± 28.4 [74.1, 88.3] | 84.3 ± 22.1 [79.4, 89.2] | 0.4615 |
| RE | 73.1 ± 31.9 [65.2, 81.1] | 83.0 ± 24.4 [77.6, 88.4] | 0.0131 |
| MH | 71.1 ± 23.7 [65.2, 77.0] | 74.5 ± 17.8 [70.6, 78.4] | 0.6602 |
| PCS | 41.5 ± 17.2 [37.2, 45.8] | 43.0 ± 15.5 [39.5, 46.6] | 0.5729 |
| MCS | 50.4 ± 10.4 [47.8, 53.1] | 49.4 ± 9.9 [47.2, 51.7] | 0.5615 |
| Non-LC | Decreased HGS (n = 32) | Non-Decreased HGS (n = 209) | p Value |
| PF | 76.1 ± 21.6 [68.1, 84.0] | 89.2 ± 14.0 [87.3, 91.1] | <0.0001 |
| RP | 75.7 ± 30.9 [64.4, 87.1] | 88.9 ± 19.2 [86.3, 91.6] | <0.0001 |
| BP | 73.5 ± 25.6 [64.3, 82.7] | 76.7 ± 23.6 [73.5, 79.9] | 0.4782 |
| GH | 62.0 ± 26.2 [52.5, 71.5] | 57.8 ± 17.7 [55.3, 60.3] | 0.0876 |
| VT | 65.0 ± 26.5 [55.5, 74.6] | 68.0 ± 19.4 [65.4, 70.7] | 0.4422 |
| SF | 84.9 ± 22.1 [76.8, 93.0] | 90.1 ± 18.9 [87.5, 92.7] | 0.1629 |
| RE | 82.5 ± 27.0 [72.6, 92.4] | 89.0 ± 20.3 [86.2, 91.7] | 0.0002 |
| MH | 74.6 ± 26.6 [65.0, 84.2] | 74.9 ± 19.7 [72.2, 77.6] | 0.4130 |
| PCS | 41.9 ± 16.4 [35.8, 48.0] | 49.7 ± 10.6 [48.2, 51.2] | 0.0018 |
| MCS | 53.1 ± 13.1 [48.2, 58.0] | 51.6 ± 9.9 [40.2, 52.9] | 0.3525 |
| Non-LC | Decreased SMM (n = 94) | Non-Decreased SMM (n = 147) | p Value |
| PF | 85.3 ± 14.9 [82.2, 88.3] | 88.9 ± 16.2 [86.3, 91.5] | 0.0830 |
| RP | 86.2 ± 21.9 [81.7, 90.7] | 87.9 ± 21.2 [84.4, 91.3] | 0.5689 |
| BP | 76.6 ± 24.4 [71.4, 81.5] | 76.2 ± 23.6 [72.4, 80.1] | 0.9476 |
| GH | 58.3 ± 20.2 [54.0, 62.5] | 58.4 ± 18.5 [55.4, 61.5] | 0.9482 |
| VT | 66.9 ± 22.2 [62.4, 71.5] | 68.1 ± 19.4 [64.9, 71.2] | 0.6748 |
| SF | 87.7 ± 21.5 [83.0, 91.9] | 90.7 ± 17.8 [87.7, 93.6] | 0.2185 |
| RE | 87.9 ± 20.5 [83.8, 92.1] | 88.2 ± 22.0 [84.6, 91.8] | 0.9205 |
| MH | 73.8 ± 21.5 [69.3, 78.2] | 75.6 ± 20.2 [72.3, 78.9] | 0.5102 |
| PCS | 48.0 ± 11.1 [45.7, 50.3] | 49.1 ± 12.4 [47.1, 51.2] | 0.4689 |
| MCS | 52.0 ± 10.6 [49.7, 54.2] | 51.6 ± 10.2 [49.9, 53.3] | 0.8203 |
| Male | Decreased HGS (n = 36) | Non-Decreased HGS (n = 162) | p Value |
| PF | 72.9 ± 23.7 [64.9, 80.9] | 88.9 ± 13.9 [86.7, 91.1] | <0.0001 |
| RP | 69.8 ± 34.9 [58.0, 81.6] | 88.6 ± 20.1 [85.4, 91.7] | <0.0001 |
| BP | 72.2 ± 26.0 [63.4, 81.0] | 78.9 ± 23.6 [75.2, 82.5] | 0.1328 |
| GH | 55.1 ± 23.1 [47.3, 62.9] | 54.7 ± 18.3 [51.8, 57.6] | 0.9145 |
| VT | 60.2 ± 26.3 [51.1, 69.2] | 65.8 ± 20.5 [62.7, 69.0] | 0.1614 |
| SF | 81.2 ± 27.2 [71.8, 90.5] | 88.9 ± 20.3 [85.7, 92.1] | <0.0001 |
| RE | 71.5 ± 33.2 [60.1, 82.9] | 88.9 ± 20.8 [85.6, 92.1] | <0.0001 |
| MH | 74.8 ± 24.0 [66.6, 83.1] | 72.9 ± 20.0 [69.7, 76.0] | 0.6112 |
| PCS | 37.0 ± 18.7 [30.6, 43.4] | 50.4 ± 11.6 [48.5, 52.3] | <0.0001 |
| MCS | 52.7 ± 11.5 [48.8, 56.7] | 50.1 ± 10.3 [48.4, 51.7] | 0.1817 |
| Male | Decreased SMM (n = 92) | Non-Decreased SMM (n = 106) | p Value |
| PF | 83.4 ± 16.5 [80.0. 86.8] | 88.3 ± 17.5 [84.9, 91.7] | 0.0451 |
| RP | 81.6 ± 26.8 [76.1, 87.1] | 88.3 ± 21.8 [84.1, 92.6] | 0.0035 |
| BP | 77.1 ± 24.8 [72.0, 82.2] | 78.2 ± 23.6 [73.6, 82.7] | 0.7508 |
| GH | 53.9 ± 20.9 [49.6, 58.3] | 55.5 ± 17.8 [52.0, 59.0] | 0.5712 |
| VT | 63.6 ± 24.5 [58.6, 68.7] | 65.9 ± 18.9 [62.2, 69.5] | 0.9880 |
| SF | 85.3 ± 25.0 [80.1, 90.5] | 89.5 ± 18.6 [85.8, 93.1] | 0.0507 |
| RE | 82.6 ± 27.1 [77.0, 88.2] | 88.5 ± 21.3 [84.4, 92.7] | 0.0904 |
| MH | 73.2 ± 22.5 [68.6, 77.9] | 73.2 ± 19.2 [69.5, 76.9] | 0.9942 |
| PCS | 46.3 ± 14.6 [43.3, 49.4] | 49.4 ± 13.7 [46.6, 52.1] | 0.1419 |
| MCS | 51.1 ± 11.2 [48.7, 53.4] | 50.1 ± 10.1 [48.1, 52.1] | 0.5428 |
| Female | Decreased HGS (n = 57) | Non-Decreased HGS (n = 134) | p Value |
| PF | 72.7 ± 22.1 [66.8, 78.7] | 87.6 ± 14.9 [85.0, 90.1] | <0.0001 |
| RP | 71.1 ± 32.2 [62.5, 79.7] | 85.8 ± 23.4 [81.8, 89.8] | <0.0001 |
| BP | 65.6 ± 22.5 [59.6, 71.6] | 73.6 ± 25.9 [69.2, 78.1] | 0.0432 |
| GH | 54.6 ± 22.7 [48.6, 60.6] | 57.8 ± 18.6 [54.5, 61.0] | 0.3266 |
| VT | 56.2 ± 24.5 [49.7, 62.7] | 67.5 ± 19.4 [64.2, 70.9] | 0.0006 |
| SF | 78.4 ± 24.5 [71.9, 85.0] | 89.7 ± 20.1 [86.2, 93.3] | 0.0012 |
| RE | 73.0 ± 8.7 [65.3, 80.7] | 87.6 ± 21.7 [83.9, 91.3] | <0.0001 |
| MH | 70.8 ± 24.3 [64.3, 77.2] | 77.1 ± 18.5 [73.9, 80.3] | 0.1394 |
| PCS | 37.4 ± 15.5 [33.2, 41.6] | 47.7 ± 11.6 [45.7, 49.8] | <0.0001 |
| MCS | 49.2 ± 10.5 [46.3, 52.0] | 52.6 ± 9.6 [50.9, 54.3] | 0.0326 |
| Female | Decreased SMM (n = 66) | Non-Decreased SMM (n = 125) | p Value |
| PF | 78.5 ± 19.9 [73.6, 83.5] | 85.6 ± 17.5 [82.5, 88.7] | 0.0124 |
| RP | 78.8 ± 27.8 [71.9, 85.7] | 82.8 ± 26.7 [78.1, 87.6] | 0.3273 |
| BP | 71.3 ± 25.3 [65.0, 77.6] | 71.1 ± 25.2 [66.7, 75.6] | 0.9672 |
| GH | 57.1 ± 19.7 [52.2, 62.0] | 56.6 ± 20.2 [53.0, 60.3] | 0.8853 |
| VT | 61.1 ± 22.3 [55.6, 66.6] | 65.7 ± 21.2 [61.9, 69.5] | 0.1652 |
| SF | 84.2 ± 24.5 [78.2, 90.3] | 87.4 ± 20.6 [83.7, 91.2] | 0.3527 |
| RE | 81.0 ± 26.2 [74.6, 87.5] | 84.5 ± 24.1 [80.3, 88.8] | 0.3546 |
| MH | 71.9 ± 22.4 [66.4, 77.5] | 76.9 ± 19.4 [73.4, 80.3] | 0.1161 |
| PCS | 43.9 ± 13.7 [40.4, 47.3] | 45.0 ± 13.8 [42.5, 47.5] | 0.5979 |
| MCS | 51.7 ± 9.7 [49.3, 54.1] | 51.5 ± 10.2 [49.6, 53.3] | 0.8719 |
| ≥65 years | Decreased HGS (n = 74) | Non-Decreased HGS (n = 121) | p Value |
| PF | 72.8 ± 23.5 [67.3, 78.3] | 84.9 ± 14.0 [82.3, 87.4] | 0.0001 |
| RP | 68.8 ± 34.6 [60.8, 76.9] | 86.3 ± 20.6 [82.6, 90.1] | <0.0001 |
| BP | 68.8 ± 24.3 [63.2, 74.4] | 78.0 ± 24.1 [73.6, 82.4] | 0.0111 |
| GH | 57.6 ± 23.3 [52.2, 63.0] | 56.8 ± 18.9 [53.3, 60.3] | 0.7950 |
| VT | 57.9 ± 25.7 [52.0. 63.9] | 68.9 ± 19.8 [65.3, 72.5] | 0.0021 |
| SF | 78.3 ± 25.1 [72.5, 84.1] | 91.1 ± 18.3 [87.7, 94.4] | <0.0001 |
| RE | 71.5 ± 30.6 [64.4, 78.7] | 88.0 ± 20.5 [84.2, 91.7] | <0.0001 |
| MH | 73.0 ± 25.1 [67.2, 78.8] | 77.4 ± 17.9 [74.1, 80.6] | 0.5509 |
| PCS | 36.5 ± 17.6 [32.4, 40.6] | 47.2 ± 10.1 [45.3, 49.1] | <0.0001 |
| MCS | 51.5 ± 11.2 [48.9, 54.1] | 53.5 ± 9.2 [51.8, 55.2] | 0.1822 |
| ≥65 years | Decreased SMM (n = 110) | Non-Decreased SMM (n = 85) | p Value |
| PF | 78.5 ± 18.6 [75.0, 82.1] | 82.6 ± 19.4 [78.4, 86.8] | 0.1435 |
| RP | 78.3 ± 28.6 [72.8, 83.7] | 81.6 ± 27.4 [75.6, 87.5] | 0.4226 |
| BP | 73.9 ± 26.2 [68.9, 78.9] | 75.2 ± 22.4 [70.3, 80.0] | 0.7338 |
| GH | 56.6 ± 21.9 [52.4, 60.8] | 57.8 ± 19.0 [53.6, 62.0] | 0.6926 |
| VT | 62.8 ± 24.4 [58.2, 67.4] | 67.2 ± 20.6 [62.8, 71.7] | 0.1809 |
| SF | 85.5 ± 23.8 [80.9, 90.0] | 86.9 ± 19.5 [82.6, 91.2] | 0.6548 |
| RE | 80.1 ± 27.3 [74.9, 85.2] | 83.9 ± 24.2 [78.6, 89.3] | 0.3090 |
| MH | 74.0 ± 22.3 [69.8, 78.2] | 77.9 ± 19.1 [73.8, 82.1] | 0.1972 |
| PCS | 43.3 ± 14.1 [40.6, 45.9] | 42.7 ± 15.2 [39.3, 46.1] | 0.7951 |
| MCS | 52.8 ± 10.1 [50.9, 54.7] | 52.6 ± 10.1 [50.4, 54.9] | 0.9288 |
| <65 years | Decreased HGS (n = 19) | Non-Decreased HGS (n = 175) | p Value |
| PF | 72.8 ± 19.6 [63.3, 82.2] | 90.7 ± 14.1 [88.6, 92.8] | <0.0001 |
| RP | 77.3 ± 25.9 [64.8, 89.8] | 88.0 ± 22.4 [84.6, 91.3] | 0.0530 |
| BP | 65.5 ± 23.1 [54.4, 76.7] | 75.5 ± 25.2 [71.8, 79.3] | 0.0990 |
| GH | 44.0 ± 16.9 [35.8, 52.1] | 55.6 ± 18.3 [52.8, 58.4] | 0.0088 |
| VT | 56.8 ± 23.2 [45.3, 68.3] | 65.0 ± 20.0 [62.0, 68.0] | 0.1042 |
| SF | 84.6 ± 27.1 [70.7, 98.6] | 88.1 ± 21.3 [84.9, 91.3] | 0.5338 |
| RE | 76.2 ± 29.8 [61.4, 91.0] | 88.5 ± 21.7 [85.3, 91.8] | 0.0281 |
| MH | 69.4 ± 20.2 [59.3, 79.4] | 73.0 ± 20.3 [70.0, 76.0] | 0.4708 |
| PCS | 40.5 ± 11.8 [34.4, 46.6] | 50.5 ± 12.5 [48.6, 52.4] | 0.0018 |
| MCS | 46.5 ± 9.4 [41.7, 51.3] | 49.6 ± 10.3 [48.1, 51.2] | 0.2286 |
| <65 years | Decreased SMM (n = 49) | Non-Decreased SMM (n = 145) | p Value |
| PF | 87.7 ± 15.1 [83.4, 92.1] | 89.3 ± 15.8 [86.7, 91.9] | 0.5386 |
| RP | 85.2 ± 23.3 [78.6, 91.9] | 87.5 ± 22.8 [83.8, 91.3] | 0.5501 |
| BP | 76.5 ± 22.8 [69.9, 83.0] | 73.9 ± 25.9 [69.7, 78.2] | 0.5389 |
| GH | 52.0 ± 16.1 [47.3, 56.8] | 55.2 ± 19.1 [52.0, 58.4] | 0.3182 |
| VT | 62.2 ± 21.9 [55.8, 68.5] | 65.0 ± 19.9 [61.7, 68.2] | 0.4133 |
| SF | 83.4 ± 26.9 [75.5, 91.4] | 89.2 ± 19.8 [85.9, 92.5] | 0.0286 |
| RE | 86.3 ± 24.8 [79.1, 93.5] | 87.7 ± 22.2 [84.1, 91.4] | 0.7097 |
| MH | 69.7 ± 22.5 [63.2, 76.3] | 73.6 ± 19.4 [70.4, 76.8] | 0.2510 |
| PCS | 50.2 ± 13.6 [46.1, 54.3] | 49.4 ± 12.5 [47.3, 51.5] | 0.7120 |
| MCS | 47.9 ± 10.9 [44.6, 51.1] | 49.8 ± 10.0 [48.2, 51.5] | 0.2593 |
Data are expressed as average ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval. HGS; hand grip strength, SMM; skeletal muscle mass, LC; liver cirrhosis, PF; physical functioning, RP; role physical, BP; bodily pain, GH; general health perception, VT; vitality, SF; social functioning, RE; role emotion, MH; mental health, PCS; physical component summary score, MCS; mental component summary score.