Table 1.
Characteristics of laboring women who require operative delivery assistance, N (%) (N = 3408)
| Normal weight (N = 2059) Average BMI = 20.5 | Over weight (N = 360) Average BMI = 26.3 | Obese (N = 629) Average BMI = 31.2 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| < 20 | 166 (8.1) | 22 (6.1) | 34 (5.5) | 0.282 |
| 20–24 | 327 (15.9) | 61 (16.9) | 109 (17.3) | |
| 25–29 | 580 (28.2) | 109 (30.3) | 187 (29.8) | |
| 30–35 | 634 (30.8) | 102 (28.5) | 177 (28.1) | |
| > 35 | 348 (16.9) | 66 (18.2) | 121 (19.3) | |
| Smoking | 187 (9.1) | 12 (12.0) | 72 (11.5) | 0.018 |
| Diabetes (Type I, II or GDM) | 92 (4.6) | 22 (6.1) | 80 (12.8) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension: PIH, Chronic & Preeclampsia | 148 (7.3) | 29 (8.1) | 125 (19.9) | < 0.001 |
| Received prenatal care | 2028 (98.5) | 356 (99.1) | 624 (99.2) | 0.578 |
| Induction | 1466 (71.2) | 249 (69.2) | 513 (81.5) | < 0.001 |
| Epidural Anesthesia | 1812 (88.0) | 308 (85.7) | 560 (89.1) | 0.719 |
| Adherence to 2009 IOM guideline | ||||
| Inadequate | 331 (16.1) | 55 (15.2) | 127 (20.2) | < 0.001 |
| Appropriate | 679 (33.0) | 106 (29.5) | 94 (14.9) | |
| Excessive | 1052 (51.1) | 176 (48.9) | 412 (65.5) | |
| Gestational age | ||||
| EGA ≥34 –< 37 weeks | 88 (4.3) | 19 (5.2) | 27 (4.3) | 0.747 |
| EGA 37+ weeks | 1966 (95.5) | 334 (92.9) | 602 (95.7) | |
| Neonate weight | ||||
| LGA | 222 (10.8) | 39 (11.0) | 41 (6.5) | 0.001 |
| AGA | 1700 (82.6) | 303 (84.2) | 517 (82.3) | |
| SGA | 132 (6.4) | 33 (9.1) | 71 (11.2) | |
GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), EGA (Estimation of Gestational Age), IOM (Institute of Medicine), SGA (Small for Gestational Age), AGA (Appropriate of Gestational Age), LGA (Large for Gestational Age)