Table 3.
Successful assisted vaginal delivery in relation to participant characteristics among women (N = 1987)
| Characteristics | Successful Vacuum | Successful Forceps | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Crude OR [95% CI] | Adjusted OR* [95% CI] | N (%) | Crude OR [95% CI] | Adjusted OR* [95% CI] | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Normal Weight (18.5 to < 25.0) | 791 (85.6) | Reference | Reference | 703 (85.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 262 (86.3) | 1.19 [0.59–2.28] | 1.09 [0.58–2.34] | 231 (96.3) | 1.69 [1.07–3.18]* | 1.79 [1.11–3.53]* |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 20 | 17 (89.4) | 1.11 [1.02–1.23] | 11 (84.6) | 0.97 [0.01–1.11] | ||
| 20–24 | 98 (94.2) | Reference | 88 (88.8) | Reference | ||
| 25–29 | 312 (88.9) | 0.97 [0.74–1.22] | 271 (87.5) | 0.85 [0.76–1.12] | ||
| 30–35 | 512 (84.9) | 0.91 [0.69–1.21] | 441 (88.6) | 0.87 [0.74–1.18] | ||
| > 35 | 114 (75.1) | 0.99 [0.77–1.31] | 123 (87.2) | 0.95 [0.71–1.23] | ||
| Smoking Cigarettes | ||||||
| No Smoking | 974 (85.7) | 0.88 [0.68–1.06] | 874 (87.9) | 0.92 [0.72–1.09] | ||
| Smoking | 79 (84.0) | Reference | 60 (89.5) | Reference | ||
| Diabetes (Type 1, 2, GDM) | ||||||
| Not Diabetes | 994 (87.8) | Reference | Reference | 889 (90.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Diabetes | 59 (60.8) | 0.49 [0.31–0.74]* | 0.45 [0.27–0.68]* | 45 (60.1) | 0.40 [0.26–0.71]* | 0.44 [0.24–0.66]* |
| Hypertension (chronic, pregnancy–induced, preeclampsia) | ||||||
| Not hypertension | 985 (85.7) | Reference | 867 (87.8) | Reference | ||
| Hypertension | 68 (86.1) | 0.92 [0.72–1.12] | 67 (90.1) | 0.85 [0.91–1.18] | ||
| Received Prenatal Care | ||||||
| No | 15 (88.2) | 1.08 [0.74–1.49] | 17 (89.4) | 1.05 [0.79–1.31] | ||
| Yes | 1038 (85.6) | Reference | 917 (88.2) | Reference | ||
| Induction | ||||||
| No | 345 (86.1) | Reference | Reference | 265 (87.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 708 (85.5) | 1.01 [0.78–1.61] | 1.07 [0.80–1.67] | 668 (88.2) | 1.03 [0.78–1.63] | 1.01 [0.80–1.57] |
| Epidural | ||||||
| No | 185 (90.2) | Reference | Reference | 115 (85.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 868 (84.8) | 1.06 [0.85–1.58] | 1.07 [0.82–1.39] | 819 (88.6) | 1.01 [0.76–1.68] | 1.08 [0.82–1.44] |
| Adherence To 2009 IOM Guideline | ||||||
| Inadequate | 94 (87.3) | 1.05 [0.80–1.41] | 78 (89.6) | 1.09 [0.78–1.53] | ||
| Appropriate | 659 (84.9) | Reference | 619 (87.7) | Reference | ||
| Excessive | 300 (86.9) | 0.92 [0.71–1.12] | 237 (88.4) | 0.95 [0.71–1.47] | ||
| Estimated Gestational Age | ||||||
| EGA < 37 | 52 (85.2) | Reference | 50 (86.2) | Reference | ||
| EGA 37+ | 1001 (85.7) | 0.99 [0.70–1.31] | 884 (88.1) | 0.95 [0.69–1.44] | ||
| Neonate weight | ||||||
| SGA | 75 (91.7) | 3.21 [1.84–5.55]* | 3.14 [1.96–6.03]* | 137 (87.7) | 3.08 [1.89–5.79]* | 3.05 [1.99–5.53]* |
| AGA | 918 (93.0) | Reference | Reference | 758 (88.2) | Reference | Reference |
| LGA | 65 (92.3) | 0.26 [0.15–0.45]* | 0.24 [0.16–0.44]* | 39 (84.8) | 0.28 [0.17–0.44]* | 0.29 [0.16–0.47]* |
Adjusted for: age category, smoking, hypertension, prenatal care, epidural, adherence to GWG, race, marital status, parity, diabetes, induction, augmentation, and estimated gestational age
*Significant Odds Ratios at the p < 0.05 level
GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), GWG (Gestational Weight Gain), IOM (Institute of Medicine), SGA (Small for Gestational Age), AGA (Average for Gestational Age), LGA (Large for Gestational Age)