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. 2018 Dec 27;12:37. doi: 10.1186/s13036-018-0120-9

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Modes of dormancy induction. Engineered, in vitro models of tumor dormancy can be classified based on the mode of dormancy induction: drug-induced dormancy (selective elimination and survival of sub-populations under chemotherapeutic treatment), ECM-induced dormancy (biophysical constraints imposed on cancer cells by the surrounding matrix), cell-signaling induced dormancy (paracrine signaling from stromal cells and vasculature) and biochemical-induced dormancy (influence of soluble factors, hypoxia and nutrients)