Table 1.

Summary of in vitro dormancy models classified by cancer/cell type and mode of dormancy induction with associated metrics used to determine dormancy status

Cancer/Cell Type	Mode of Dormancy Induction	Metrics Analyzed
Breast Cancer - MDA-MB-231 [43, 59, 82, 88, 91, 93, 96, 98, 106, 116, 118–120, 127, 128, 132, 135–137, 156, 179] - MDA-MB-231BRMS1 [139] - MCF-7 [43, 44, 59, 82, 89, 93, 98, 118, 128, 132, 134–137, 139, 176] - T47D [95, 121, 133, 135, 138, 177, 179, 181] - MDA-MB-435 [58, 176] - MDA-MB-468 [133] - MDA-MB-453 [58] - ZR-75-1 [58] - SUM149 [58] - SUM159 [58, 148] - BT474 [58] - D2.0R [162, 163, 196] - 4T1 [176]	ECM-Induced - Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [87–90, 92] - Matrix Composition/ Architecture [92, 97, 105] - Integrin Engagement [135, 137, 138, 162, 163, 196] Cell Signaling-Induced - Endothelial Cells [42, 58, 81, 105, 119] - Hepatocytes/NPCs [81, 105, 119] - MSCs [42, 58, 117, 122, 179] - Fibroblasts [42, 58, 120] - Osteoblasts [58, 139] - Exosomes/EVs [121, 122] Biochemical-Induced - Hypoxia [128, 129, 133] - FGF-2 [135–138, 140, 181] - Thrombospondin [42] Drug-Induced - Doxorubicin [81, 148] - Docetaxel [148] - Carboplatin [95]	- Proliferation [42, 58, 81, 87, 88, 95, 105, 117, 119, 129, 148, 163, 172] - Cell Cycle Analysis [95, 117, 120, 121, 179] - Metabolic Activity [88, 89, 95, 119, 133] - Viability [87–90, 95, 120, 181] - Morphology [43, 91, 93, 98, 119, 127, 138, 139, 162, 177, 196] - Gene/Protein Expression [42, 81, 95, 105, 117, 119, 120, 133, 135–138, 140, 162, 172, 196] - Invasion/Motility [42, 87, 95, 97] - Chemoresistance [89, 128, 172, 177] - Stem Cell Expression [95, 117, 122]
Prostate Cancer - PC-3 [117, 118, 120, 176] - DU145 [148, 176, 177] - C4-2B [128] - LnCAP [88]	ECM-Induced - Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [88] Cell Signaling-Induced - Prostate Stromal Cells [120] - Endothelial Cells [118] - MSCs [117, 118] Biochemical-Induced - Hypoxia [128] Drug-Induced - Docetaxel [148]	- Proliferation [118, 148] - Metabolic Activity [88] - Morphology [117, 118, 128] - Chemoresistance [176, 177]
Lung cancer - A549 [94, 117, 178] - PC-9 [157] - H1975 [104]	ECM-Induced - Physical confinement [94] - Mechanical forces [104] Cell Signaling-Induced - MSCs [117]	- Proliferation [104] - Cell Cycle Analysis [94] - Morphology [94, 104, 117] - Gene/Protein Expression [94, 104, 157, 178] - Invasion/Motility [94, 104] - Chemoresistance [94, 104, 157, 178]
Colorectal/Colon Cancer - DLD-1 [177] - LoVo [147] - HCT-116 [89, 128, 147] - Primary colon cancer cells [147, 177]	ECM-Induced - Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [89] Biochemical-Induced - Hypoxia [128] - EGF [147] Drug-Induced - 5-FU [147]	- Proliferation [147] - Metabolic Activity [89, 128] - Viability [89, 177] - Morphology [89, 128] - Chemoresistance [89, 128, 177]
Pancreatic Cancer - PANC-1 [117] - Capan-1 [176] - CFPAC [89]	ECM-Induced - Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [89] Cell Signaling-Induced - MSCs [117]	- Proliferation [89] - Metabolic Activity [89] - Viability [89] - Morphology [89, 117] - Chemoresistance [89, 176]
Other Cancers - Bladder Cancer (T24, UMUC-3, J82) [120, 176] - Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC-71) [128] - Osteosarcoma (U2OS, MG63, Saos-2) [58, 128] - Gastric Cancer (AGS) [176] - Glioblastoma (U251) [176] - Ovarian Cancer (OVCAR-5) [88]	ECM-Induced - Matrix Stiffness/Physical Confinement [88, 128] Cell Signaling-Induced - Endothelial Cells [58] - MSCs [58] - Osteoblasts [58] - Prostate Stromal Cells [120] - Fibroblasts [120]	- Proliferation [58, 128] - Cell Cycle Analysis [120] - Metabolic Activity [88, 128] - Viability [88, 120] - Chemoresistance [128, 176]

Abbreviations: 5-FU 5-Fluorouracil, ECM Extra-Cellular Matrix, EGF Epidermal Growth Factor, EVs Extracellular Vesicles, FGF-2 Fibroblast Growth Factor-2, MSCs Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, NPCs Non-Parenchymal Cells