Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the study participants

Variables	ON (N = 29,848)	BC (N = 3129)	MB (N = 2293)
Age, yrs. Mean (SD)	82.1 (9.6)	83.0 (9.6)	83.5 (9.3)
Gender, Female, n (%)	19,706 (66.1)	2023 (64.7)	2293 (69.8)
Married, n (%)	8978 (30.1)	818 (26.2)	608 (26.5)
Chronic Disease Number, n (%)
Osteoporosis	7247 (24.3)	663 (21.2)	353 (15.4)
Diabetes Mellitus	7239 (24.3)	610 (19.5)	472 (20.6)
Arthritis	10,486 (35.1)	1058 (33.8)	811 (35.4)
Alzheimer’s Disease	5513 (18.5)	523 (16.7)	289 (12.6)
Cancer	2935 (9.8)	280 (9.0)	279 (12.2)
Neuromuscular diseases	47 (0.2)	11 (0.4)	1 (0.04)
Parkinson’s Diseases	81 (0.3)	2 (0.1)	6 (0.3)
Liver Disease	69 (0.2)	7 (0.2)	7 (0.3)
Arteriosclerotic Diseases	2004 (6.7)	199 (6.4)	127 (5.5)
Hospital admissions in past 90 days, n (%)
No Visit	29,603 (99.2)	3106 (99.3)	2281 (99.5)
≥ 1 Visit	245 (0.8)	23 (0.7)	12 (0.5)
Emergency room visits in past 90 day,s n (%)
No Visit	26,590 (89.1)	2927 (93.5)	2232 (97.3)
≥ 1 Visit	3258 (10.9)	202 (6.5)	61 (2.7)
Number of prescribed medications, Mean (SD)	9.7 (4.63)	8.45 (4.04)	8.02 (4.66)
Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms (CHESS Score), n (%)
0	110,18 (58.69)	1309 (68.64)	664 (72.49)
1	4665 (24.85)	362 (18.98)	188 (20.52)
2	2179 (11.61)	176 (9.23)	51 (5.57)
3	692 (3.69)	49 (2.57)	11 (1.20)
4	219 (1.17)	11 (0.58)	2 (0.22)
5	0	0	0
Home size, n (%)
Small (≤50 beds)	583 (1.95)	276 (8.82)	0
Med (51–99 beds)	511,9 (17.15)	103,7 (33.14)	278 (12.12)
Large (≥ 100 beds	24,146 (80.90)	181,6 (58.04)	2015 (87.88)
Overall case mix index of the residents at Baseline, Mean (SD)	0.64 (0.18)	0.57 (0.16)	0.58 (0.14)
Ownership, n (%)
Public/religious/not for profit	127,41 (42.69)	157,3 (50.27)	122,3 (53.34)
Private	171,07 (57.31)	155,6 (49.73)	107,0 (46.66)
Rurality, n (%)
Urban	255,96 (85.75)	272,3 (87.02)	2293 (100)
Rural	410,5 (13.75)	401 (12.82)	0