Table 2.

Skeletal muscle remodeling markers

	Rheumatoid arthritis (n = 12)		Pre-diabetes mellitus (n = 9)
	Pre-HIIT	Post-HIIT	Pre-HIIT	Post-HIIT
Skeletal muscle concentrations, pg/mL per μg
IL-1β	0.007 (0.005)	0.009 (0.006)	0.011 (0.010)	0.009 (0.006)
IL-6	0.010 (0.006)	0.013 (0.007)	0.012 (0.006)	0.017 (0.009)
IL-8	0.112 (0.212)	0.121 (0.168)	0.052 (0.024)	0.112 (0.081)
TNF-α	0.008 (0.007)	0.012 (0.006)	0.006 (0.004)	0.009 (0.007)
IL-10	0.009 (0.012)	0.006 (0.004)	0.005 (0.003)	0.005 (0.004)
Myostatin	16.621 (7.463)	20.589 (8.685)	31.884 (14.34)*	34.314 (20.08)*
Plasma concentrations, ng/mL
Galectin-3	12.21 (6.72)	11.99 (4.22)	8.73 (2.31)	8.71 (2.70)

Sample skeletal muscle concentrations were normalized to initial masses. Continuous variable data are presented as mean (standard deviation). Abbreviations: HIIT high-intensity interval training, IL interleukin, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha

*P <0.05 for comparisons between rheumatoid arthritis and pre-diabetes mellitus groups