Table 1.

Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics between patients with Deinagkistrodon acutus and Daboia siamensis envenomation

	Deinagkistrodon acutus (n = 15)	Daboia siamensis (n = 12)	P value
Age	47.7 ± 13.81	55.0 ± 10.06	0.140
Male gender	14 (93.3)	9 (75.0)	0.294
Season
Summer & fall	14 (93.3)	6 (50.0)	0.024
Winter and spring	1 (6.7)	6 (50.0)
Bite area
Upper limbs	10 (66.7)	10 (83.3)	0.408
Lower limbs	5 (33.3)	2 (16.7)
Operation	8 (53.3)	0 (0)	0.003
Local signs
Swelling	15 (100)	12 (100)	1.000
Ecchymosis	9 (60)	4 (33.3)	0.252
Hemorrhagic bulla	8 (53.3)	0 (0)	0.003
Time to arrive hospital (hr)	2.0 (1–7.5)	7.5 (1–12)	0.373
Total dose of antivenom (vial)	6.0 (4–10)	4.0 (4–6)	0.067
Duration of hospitalization (day)	5.0 (2–27)	3.0 (2–7)	0.183
ED laboratory data:
WBC (× 103/μL)	10.3 ± 2.98	12.1 ± 3.90	0.187
Hb (g/dL)	14.1 ± 2.77	14.0 ± 1.39	0.889
PLT (× 103/μL)	20.0 (14–66)	149.0 (102.3–274.3)	0.001
PT (sec)	100.0 (100–100)	75.0 (11–100)	0.025
aPTT (sec)	150.0 (25–191) (n = 14)	29.0 (25–160)	0.118
Fibrinogen (g/L)	0.5 (0.25–0.93) (n = 13)	0.5 (0.25–0.95)	0.689
D-dimer (μg/L)	1423.4 (713.4–4212.3) (n = 12)	12,500.0 (2351.4–200,000.0)	0.008
DIC score	7.0 (5–7)	5.5 (4–6)	0.041
AST (IU/L)	29.0 (22–35)	36.0 (24–101) (n = 11)	0.330
ALT (IU/L)	22.0 (18.0–44.5) (n = 13)	25.0 (20–38)	0.852
BUN (mg/dL)	14.0 (10.8–19.5) (n = 14)	17.0 (12.5–30.8)	0.193
CRE (mg/dL)	0.9 (0.78–1.33) (n = 14)	1.2 (0.93–2.38)	0.118
CK (IU/L)	242.0 (213.5–748.0) (n = 13)	487.0 (257–1444.5) (n = 9)	0.186

Values shown are n (%) or mean ± SD or median (interquartile range)

ALT alanine aminotransferase, aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CK creatine kinase, CRE creatinine. DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, Hb hemoglobin, PLT platelet count, PT prothrombin time, WBC white blood cell count