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. 2018 Dec 20;9:664. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00664

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The figure displays associations between blood Mn and CASS outcomes from IV analyses (with 95% bootstrapped confidence band for the regression estimates) using the genetic score as the IV (left graphs). There was a pattern of positive associations between blood Mn and scoring for behavioral problems in IV-analyses. The most apparent associations were observed for DSM-IV total which is a combination of two tests for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity and used for ADHD diagnosis. As a reference we also show that scoring for the same behavioral problems were higher for genetic scores associated with higher blood Mn (right graphs). Manganese, Mn; Conners' Adolescent Self-Report Scale (CASS), Instrumental variable, IV; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition total score of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, DSM-IV total.