Table 3.
All-cause and COPD-related HRU and costs in the 90-day postindex period
| DPI (N=1,960) | pMDI (N=1,086) | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/mean | %/SD | Median | n/mean | %/SD | Median | ||
| All-cause utilization | |||||||
| Inpatient admissions (n, %) | 211 | 10.8% | 119 | 11.0% | 0.87 | ||
| Average number of admissions (mean, SD, median) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.88 |
| Average length of stay for inpatient admissions (days) (mean, SD, median) | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.51 |
| Outpatient ER visits (n, %) | 356 | 18.2% | 183 | 16.9% | 0.36 | ||
| Physician office visits (n, %) | 1,785 | 91.1% | 991 | 91.3% | 0.87 | ||
| Outpatient laboratory and radiology procedures (n, %) | 1,006 | 51.3% | 557 | 51.3% | 0.98 | ||
| Other outpatient services (n, %) | 1,794 | 91.5% | 998 | 91.9% | 0.73 | ||
| Outpatient pharmacy (n, %) | 1,960 | 100.0% | 1,086 | 100.0% | |||
| Average number of prescriptions (all medications) filled (mean, SD, median) | 15.9 | 9.5 | 14.0 | 16.1 | 9.7 | 14.0 | 0.55 |
| Average number of ICS/LABA prescriptions filled (mean, SD, median) | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.99 |
| All-cause costs | |||||||
| Total costs PPPM (mean, SD, median) | $2,992 | $6,461 | $1,168 | $2,623 | $5,546 | $1,147 | 0.10 |
| Total medical costs PPPM (mean, SD, median) | $2,420 | $6,389 | $574 | $2,056 | $5,425 | $538 | 0.10 |
| Inpatient | $925 | $4,878 | $0 | $834 | $4,438 | $0 | 0.60 |
| Outpatient | $1,495 | $3,641 | $521 | $1,222 | $2,114 | $486 | 0.009 |
| ER | $96 | $510 | $0 | $71 | $312 | $0 | 0.09 |
| Physician office visits | $133 | $117 | $108 | $129 | $108 | $105 | 0.38 |
| Outpatient laboratory and radiology procedures | $59 | $253 | $0 | $57 | $276 | $0 | 0.87 |
| Other outpatient services | $1,208 | $3,470 | $335 | $965 | $1,935 | $317 | 0.013 |
| Outpatient pharmacy costs PPPM (mean, SD, median) | $572 | $593 | $420 | $567 | $714 | $396 | 0.84 |
| COPD-related utilization | |||||||
| Inpatient admissions (n, %) | 64 | 3.3% | 32 | 2.9% | 0.63 | ||
| Average number of admissions (mean, SD, median) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.57 |
| Average length of stay for inpatient admissions, days (mean, SD, median) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.45 |
| Outpatient ER visits (n, %) | 123 | 6.3% | 56 | 5.2% | 0.21 | ||
| Physician office visits (n, %) | 1,188 | 60.6% | 650 | 59.9% | 0.68 | ||
| Outpatient laboratory and radiology procedures (n, %) | 239 | 12.2% | 128 | 11.8% | 0.74 | ||
| Other outpatient services (n, %) | 1,243 | 63.4% | 680 | 62.6% | 0.66 | ||
| Outpatient pharmacy (n, %) | 1,960 | 100.0% | 1,086 | 100.0% | |||
| Average number of prescriptions filled (mean, SD, median) | 4.4 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 0.16 |
| Tiotropium use within 30 days after index date (n, %) | 118 | 6.0% | 47 | 4.3% | 0.048 | ||
| COPD-related costs | |||||||
| Total costs PPPM (mean, SD, median) | $169 | $467 | $83 | $136 | $253 | $73 | 0.011 |
| Total medical costs PPPM (mean, SD, median) | $112 | $461 | $25 | $85 | $247 | $20 | 0.037 |
| Inpatient | $37 | $382 | $0 | $27 | $200 | $0 | 0.34 |
| Outpatient | $75 | $232 | $24 | $58 | $129 | $20 | 0.010 |
| Roomer | $7 | $63 | $0 | $3 | $24 | $0 | 0.05 |
| Physician office visits | $11 | $14 | $7 | $10 | $13 | $7 | 0.16 |
| Outpatient laboratory and radiology procedures | $2 | $17 | $0 | $1 | $7 | $0 | 0.13 |
| Other outpatient services | $56 | $211 | $8 | $43 | $120 | $7 | 0.040 |
| Outpatient pharmacy costs PPPM (mean, SD, median) | $57 | $44 | $43 | $51 | $40 | $35 | <0.0001 |
Note: All costs are presented in USD.
Abbreviations: DPI, dry powder inhaler; ER, emergency room; HRU, health care resource use; pMDI, pressurized metered-dose inhaler; PPPM, per person, per month.