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HMGB1-RAGE/TLR-TNF-α signaling pathway. HMGB1, high mobility group box 1 protein; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products; TLR, toll-like receptor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; IL, interleukin; SIRT1, NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1; →, induce or product; -|, inhibit.
