Table II.

Expression levels of HMGB1, IL-6, PPAR, RAGE, NF-κB, TLR4, SIRT1 and TNF-α mRNA in kidney tissues.

	Relative expression
Gene	C	CH	IH	IHH
HMGB1	0.61±0.24	1.14±0.35a	1.30±0.40a	1.10±0.42a
IL-6	0.99±0.59	1.39±1.16	1.53±0.44	1.17±0.93
PPAR	1.04±0.07	1.69±0.42a	2.66±0.59a	1.73±0.34a
RAGE	1.15±0.13	1.71±0.54	2.47±0.85a	1.30±0.47
NF-κB	3.27±0.77	3.54±1.54	3.14±1.25	2.94±1.15
TLR4	1.13±0.59	1.23±0.52	0.81±0.25	1.06±0.62
SIRT1	1.03±0.07	0.88±0.21	0.94±0.29	0.73±0.27b
TNF-α	0.92±0.52	1.75±1.27a	3.34±2.56a	2.06±0.86a

^aP<0.05 vs. C

^bP<0.05 vs. C. C, control; CH, continuous hypoxia; IH, intermittent hypoxia; IHH, intermittent hypoxia with hypercapnia; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1 protein; IL, interleukin; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products; NF, nuclear factor; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; SIRT1, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.