Table 3.

Mean scores difference of DASH, WORC, BPI, AHD, shoulder strength and ROM in relation to baseline values for cryotherapy and exercises group

Outcome measures	Week	Cryotherapy group	Exercises group	Both groups
		(n=23)	(n=20)	(n=43)
		Mean score difference from baseline	Mean score difference from baseline	Mean score difference from baseline
		(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)
DASH (0–100)	2	11.1 (5.6 to 16.6)	13.1 (8.2 to 18.0)	12.0 (8.4 to 15.6)
	6	15.7 (9.6 to 21.8)	13.1 (7.6 to 18.5)	14.5 (10.5 to18.5)
Time effect WORC (0–100)		η2=0.469	η2=0.636	η2=0.485
	2	17.3 (9.5 to 25.0)	24.9 (14.7 to 35.2)	20.8
	6	25.2 (16.1 to 34.3)	27.6 (15.9 to 39.3)	26.3
Time effect		η2=0.603	η2=0.583	η2=0.587
BPI (0–10)	2	1.1 (0.3 to 1.8)	1.3 (0.8 to 1.9)	1.2 (0.7 to 1.6)
	6	1.5 (0.7 to 2.3)	1.5 (0.9 to 2.2)	1.5 (1.0 to 2.0)
Time effect		η2=0.417	η2=0.579	η2=20.483
AHD 0°, cm	2	0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1)	0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1)	0.0 (−0.0 to 0.0)
AHD 45°, cm	2	0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1)	0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1)	0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1)
AHD 60°, cm	2	0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1)	0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1)	0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1)
ABD 0°, strength, kg	2	7.3 (0.27 to 14.4)	1.6 (−7.6 to 10.9)	4.7 (−0.8 to 10.2)
ER 0°, strength, kg	2	1.4 (−0.2 to 2.9)	2.6 (1.1 to 4.1)	2.0 (0.9 to 3.0)
ROM flexion, °	2	0.7 (−3.5 to 4.9)	2.1 (−3.6 to 7.7)	1.3 (−2.0 to 4.7)
ROM ER 0°, °	2	0.1 (−3.9 to 4.1)	−1.2 (−6.2 to 3.8)	−0.5 (−3.5 to 2.5)
ROM ER 90°, °	2	4.5 (−2.8, 11.9)	2.7 (−2.5 to 7.9)	3.7 (−0.8 to 8.1)
ROM IR 90°, °	2	−1.4 (−8.2 to 5.4)	−1.9 (−10.9 to 7.0)	−1.7 (−6.9 to 3.6)

Data presented as mean (95% CI). Intention-to-treat analyses for DASH, WORC and BPI.

ABD, Abduction; AHD, acromiohumeral distance; BPI, Brief Pain Inventory, short version (0–10, 0=no pain); DASH, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (0–100, 0=no disability); ER, external rotation of the shoulder; IR, internal rotation of the shoulder; ROM, range of motion; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index (0–100, 100=no functional loss).